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20 September 2018 Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis of Forensically Important Sarcophagid Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Implications of Species Identification
Yanjie Shang, Lipin Ren, Wei Chen, Lagabaiyila Zha, Jifeng Cai, Jianan Dong, Yadong Guo
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Abstract

The flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are significant in forensic investigations. The mitochondrial genome (mitogeome) has been widely used as genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis and species identification. To further understand the mitogenome-level features in Sarcophagidae, the complete mitogenome of Sarcophaga formosensis (Kirneret Lopes, 1961) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Sarcophaga misera (Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was firstly sequenced, annotated, and compared with other 13 Sarcophagidae species. The result indicated that the gene arrangement, gene content, base composition, and codon usage were conserved in the ancestral arthropod. Evolutionary rate of the mitogenome fragments revealed that the nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (Ka and Ks) ratio was less than 1.00, indicating these variable sites under strong purifying selection. Almost all transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) have typical clover-leaf structures within these sarcophagid mitogenomes, except tRNA-Ser (AGN) is lack of the dihydrouridine arm. This comparative mitogenomic analysis sheds light on the architecture and evolution of mitogenomes in the Sarcophagidae. Phylogenetic analyses containing the interspecific distances from different regions in these species provided us new insights into the application of these effective genetic markers for species identification of flesh flies.

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Yanjie Shang, Lipin Ren, Wei Chen, Lagabaiyila Zha, Jifeng Cai, Jianan Dong, and Yadong Guo "Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis of Forensically Important Sarcophagid Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Implications of Species Identification," Journal of Medical Entomology 56(2), 392-407, (20 September 2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy162
Received: 7 May 2018; Accepted: 13 August 2018; Published: 20 September 2018
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KEYWORDS
flesh flies
forensic investigation
mitochondria genome
species identification
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