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9 July 2019 Bactericidal Activity of Chrysomya rufifacies and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larval Excretions–Secretions Against Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae)
Alicia Fonseca-Muñoz, Rafael Pérez-Pacheco, Benjamín Otto Ortega-Morales, Manuela Reyes-Estebanez, Alfonso Vásquez-López, Manuel Chan-Bacab, Jaime Ruiz-Vega, Carlos A. Granados-Echegoyen
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Abstract

The inhibitory effect of Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) and Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) larval excretions–secretions (ES) on Staphylococcus aureus was determined using a portable colorimetric method without the need for any dedicated spectral instrument. Polystyrene 96 well microplates were used and 100 µl of the bacterial inoculum (5 × 105 CFU/ml) plus 100 µl of the dipteran exosecretions at different concentrations were added to each well. Subsequently, 50 µl of a 1% solution of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride stain was added to each well to determine the bacterial viability. The color development in each well was measured with the ImageJ software S. aureus was exposed to different concentrations of the ES of both species individually. At a concentration of 800 ppm ES of C. rufifacies or Co. macellaria, bacterial growth was inhibited 97.45 ± 1.70% and 82.21 ± 1.88%, respectively. As expected, exposure to a lower concentration (i.e., 50 ppm) was less inhibitory (C. rufifacies ES, 77.65 ± 4.25% and Co. macellaria ES, 43.54 ± 4.63%). This study demonstrates for the first time the bactericidal activity of C. rufifacies and Co. macellaria ES against S. aureus. This finding is promising as it could result in the identification and synthesis of proteins capable of suppressing pathogen development in wounds. Additionally, the proposed method can simplify the use of expensive laboratory instruments for antimicrobial activity determination.

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Alicia Fonseca-Muñoz, Rafael Pérez-Pacheco, Benjamín Otto Ortega-Morales, Manuela Reyes-Estebanez, Alfonso Vásquez-López, Manuel Chan-Bacab, Jaime Ruiz-Vega, and Carlos A. Granados-Echegoyen "Bactericidal Activity of Chrysomya rufifacies and Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larval Excretions–Secretions Against Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae)," Journal of Medical Entomology 56(6), 1598-1604, (9 July 2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz109
Received: 12 January 2019; Accepted: 4 June 2019; Published: 9 July 2019
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KEYWORDS
antibacterial activity
calliphoridae
colorimetric analysis
ImageJ
Maggot's exosecretion
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