Holotype.—Male: Tanzania, North Pare, lower border of montane forest of Mt Kindoroko, 1750 m a.s.l, UTM zone 36 M 03 50 063 E 95 83 438m S, herbaceous vegetation at forest edge, on bracken, 4/01; depository, MNB.

Paratypes.— One female, same data as holotype; depository MNB. 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype, but male 2/01; depository NHML. 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype; depository EDNMK.

Further paratype material studied.— 12 males, 5 females, 2 nymphs, same data as holotype, 2/01 and 4/01, 2/09. 1 male, 1 female, North Pare, Ngofi forest reserve, 1500 m a.s.l, on Rubus sp. at forest edge, 10/06, 2/09; material remains in collection of C. Hemp.

Male description.—Color: dark green, conspicuous color patches of yellow or white and red on pronotal lobes, genae and face. Eyes red-brown or a mix of yellow and brown. Tibiae bluish (Fig 1. B, J, Fig. 4 A).

Head and antennae: fastigium of vertex sulcate, very narrow; median carina of head developed. Eyes in living insect of red to red-brown color, in preserved insect hazelnut-brown to dark-brown. Antennae green in living insect, tawny in preserved. Bases of antennae yellow to yellow-green. Frontogenal carinae contiguous, adpressed. Carinae of face more or less parallel in upper part, at half their length markedly divergent in lower part of face and suddenly convergent at lower end. On lower half of face, large area covered by a conspicuous red macula. Face bluish (Fig. 1 B). Genae yellow with small central reddish-orange macula (Fig. 1 J).

Thorax: pronotum with very faint median carina. Two sulci present on pronotal lobes, these not crossing disk of pronotum. Lateral lobes of pronotum broadly bordered yellow with central red macula around first and second sulcus (Fig. 1 J). Sternites of thorax laterally red, centrally whitish. In some specimens also anterior margin of pronotal sternites reddish, but red color in most examined specimens confined to lateral extremities.

Legs: dark green, of same color as body; tibiae in living insect bluish, in preserved tawny to brown. Hind femora dorsally with 5 or 6 black spines in holotype, in other specimens 4 to 6 femoral spines. Hind tibiae dorsally with a double row of 13 to 14 black spines, these becoming larger distally.

Abdomen: dark green, laterally on lower ventral side of abdominal tergites yellowish patches. Medially sternites keeled; sternites bluish. Subgenital plate bluish-green. Cerci stout, tips brownish to black. Apex of supra-anal plate blackish (Fig. 1 N).

Female.— (Fig. 4 B) Much larger, more plump than male. Color uniformly dark green, only eyes a mix of yellow and brown. Median carina of pronotum conspicuous, abdominal medially tergites keeled. Dorsal valves long and serrated, serration shiny black. Ventral valves smaller and less coarsely serrated than dorsal ones; also here serration black.

Measurements.— In mm. HW: head width; Pro: pronotum length; PFL: posterior femur length; TBL: total body length.

Habitat and phenology.—C. uguenoensis is a species found in montane forest clearings and along forest edges of the North Pare Mts. The two major forest remnants in the North Pares are the Kindoroko forest reserve in the west of this mountain range, and the Ngofi forest reserve in its east. These two forests cover the highest peaks of the Pares and are separated today by cultivated land.

C. uguenoensis is more abundant during the warm period between October and March, while from about May/June to August/ September, very few individuals are found. During the cold time of the year sometimes only a few mature females are present, while nymphs are abundant from September/October onwards. Many mature individuals of this species are present December to March. Thus it has a very similar phenology to C. kanga (Fig. 6) on Mt Kilimanjaro.

In the North Pares C. uguenoensis clusters on Rubus steudneri, mostly where bushes of this plant are in a clearing or along the forest edge, in places where basking is possible for at least part of the day. This day-active species is stenotopical, not moving away at night. During night hours individuals were seen resting under or above leaves on the same bushes on which they were found during the daytime. At the lower border of the Kindoroko forest reserve, C. uguenoensis was also caught regularly from bracken along the forest edge (see Table 2).

Diagnosis.— C. uguenoensis differs from most Chromothericles species in having a large conspicuous red macula on its face and in having the carinae of the face parallel in the upper, diverging in the lower half (Fig. 1B). The carinae of the vertex, bordering the globose eyes and converging to form the fastigium, change course smoothly and gradually, not as in most species abruptly (Fig. 1 F). A similar color pattern is found in C. rubroornatus from the West Usambara Mts, a mountain block of the so-called Eastern Arc chain (Fig. 5), separated only from the North Pare Mts by the mountain chain of the South Pares. C. rubroornatus (Fig. 1 A, E) has facial carinae which diverge evenly and the red maculae are larger and of more conspicuous color. Also the genae are dominated, each by a conspicuous red macula (Fig. 1I), while in C. uguenoensis the red macula of the face is not as large and conspicuous and the genae are yellow, suffused with some red (Fig. 1 J). The pronotal lobes of C. uguenoensis are bordered brightly yellow, with a red macula in the middle of the lobes (Fig. 1 J), while the pronotal lobes of C. rubroornatus are rather inconspicuously colored, with a dirty white margin and a tiny red macula on the lobes (Fig. 1I). Differences from C. rubroornatus are also found in the shape of the subgenital plate. The anterior margin of the subgenital plate is u-shaped in C. rubroornatus, lacking the central ridge typical of C. uguenoensis (see Fig. 1 M, N).

Holotype.—Male: Tanzania, Manyara Escarpment, Nou forest reserve, on herbacous vegetation along forest road, 2100 m, UTM zone 36 M 07 80 908 E 95 42 456 m S, 2/05; depository, MNB.

Paratypes.— One female, same data as holotype; depository MNB. 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype; depository NHML. 1 male, same data as holotype; depository EDNMK.

Further paratype material studied.— Four males, same data as holotype; material remains in collection of C. Hemp.

Male description.—Color: dark green, patches of yellow with a little red on pronotal lobes, genae greenish-yellow; in some specimens a little patch of orange directly under eyes, but this color not very conspicuous; face with small red or red-yellow macula, confined to lower part of carinae (Fig. 2 A). Eyes a mix of brownish patches (Fig. 2 A, F, K).

Head and antennae: fastigium of vertex sulcate, very narrow; median carina of head developed (in some specimens obsolete). Antennae brown, basal segments green. Carinae of the face with a double convergence below scapi; diverging above and below the double convergence (Fig. 2 A); face yellow-green, in some specimens blue-green. Genae green, greenish-yellow or yellow, in some specimens with suffused orange area directly under eyes (Fig. 2 K). Thorax: pronotum with median carina, faint in some specimens. Two sulci present on pronotal lobes, these almost attaining pronotal disc margins (Fig. 2 K). Lateral lobes of pronotum bordered yellow with central red macula around first sulcus (Fig. 2 K). Sternites of thorax laterally red, centrally whitish; in some specimens also anterior and posterior margins of pronotal sternites bordered red.

Legs: green, of same color as body, tarsi blackish to brown. Hind femora dorsally with 4 to 7 black spines. Hind tibiae dorsally with a double row of 13 to 15 brown spines, spines becoming larger distally; dorsal area of hind tibiae over lower ⅔, brown, same color as spines.

Abdomen: green to yellow-green, laterally on lower ventral side of abdominal tergites with yellowish patches. Sternites keeled medially, bluish. Subgenital plate green. Cerci stout, brown over whole length, tips darker brown to black; apex of supra-anal plate brown (Fig. 2 P).

Female.— About twice as large and more plump than male. Color green, in one female conspicuous black spots in two rows laterally on pronotum and first five abdominal tergites (Fig. 4 C); spiracles black. In a second female black spots less conspicuous; first female black on genae, second green in area of genae. Median carina of pronotum conspicuous, abdominal tergites medially keeled. Dorsal valves long and serrated, serration brown to black. Ventral valves smaller and not as coarsely serrated as dorsal, but also here serration brown to black.

Measurements.—In mm. HW: head width; Pro: pronotum length; PFL: posterior femur length; TBL: total body length.

Habitat.—C. manyara was seen on herbaceous plants of over 2-m height with large leaves (e.g., Crassocephalum sp.) along the montane forest edge of the Nou forest reserve at an altitude of 2100 m, but also on Rubus sp. Commonly several specimens were clustered together basking on suitable plants (see Table 2).

Diagnosis.—C. manyara is characterized by its color pattern (Fig. 2 A, K), the shape of the subgenital plate (Fig. 2 P), and the carinae of the head (Fig. 2 F). The carinae have a double convergence midway down the face, being set apart both above and below (Fig. 2 A). The genae are mostly green with only a light yellow area directly under the eyes. In all other Chromothericles species the genae are far more conspicuously colored, mostly bright yellow or yellow with red. The posterior margin of the subgenital plate is shaped very characteristically, being v-shaped with a small ridge centrally (Fig. 2 P). The carinae of the vertex, running beside the eyes and meeting to form the fastigium, are very narrow (Fig. 2 F). Very narrow carinae of the fastigium and this form of the facial carinae are also seen in C. kanga, less so in C. tvigga (Fig. 1 C, D), from a morphological point of view and biogeographically, the two closest relatives to C. manyara. However, in C. kanga the double convergence of the carinae of the face is more pronounced than in C. manyara; in C. tvigga the carinae are only constricted slightly at this spot.

C. tvigga which occurs on Mt Meru (lying between Mt Kilimanjaro and the Manyara escarpment) has carinae of the head not as elevated as in C. kanga and C. manyara at the point between the eyes where they conjoin to form the fastigium. Also its color pattern (Fig. 1 D, L) and the shape of the posterior margin of the subgenital plate (Fig. 1 P) are different; however, the colored macula of the face in some specimens of C. manyara is a mixture of yellow and red, with the red color sometimes only faintly present and thus resembling the yellow macula of C. tvigga. Another difference is the lack of the central ridge of the posterior margin of the subgenital plate in C. kanga and C. tvigga.

Holotype.— Male: Kenya, Ngong Hills, edge of strongly disturbed forest, 2200 m a.s.l, UTM zone 36 M 02 37 150 98 44 853 m S, on herbaceous vegetation 12/07; depository: MNB.

Additional material.— 1 male nymph, 1 female nymph. Material remains in collection of C. Hemp.

Male Description.—Color: green, color patches of yellow, white and red on pronotal lobes, genae and face. Eyes grey (Fig. 2 B, L; Fig. 4 D-F).

Head and antennae: fastigium of vertex sulcate, narrow (Fig. 2 G); median carina of head developed. Antennae brown, basal segments green to yellowish. Frontogenal carinae protruding as seen from above (Fig. 2 G). Carinae of face somewhat undulating, diverging in area between scape, more adpressed above and below. Upper part of facial carinae green, then white and finally forming typical facial red macula in their lower part (Fig. 2 B). Rest of face a mix of white, green and blue. Genae yellow directly below eyes (Fig. 2 L).

Thorax: pronotum with median carina. Two deep sulci, present laterally on pronotal lobes, not attaining disk of pronotum (Fig. 2 L); between first and second sulcus of pronotal lobes an interstitial sulcus present laterally on disk of pronotum. Lateral lobes of pronotum bordered shiny white, with central small red macula between first and second sulcus (Fig. 2 L). Sternites of thorax laterally broadly bordered red, centrally white (Fig. 4 F).

Legs: green, of same color as body, tarsi darker. Hind femora dorsally with four minute dark spinules on upper side of right femur, five on left one. Hind tibiae dorsally with a double row of 13 to 15 grey to brown small spines, becoming a bit larger distad; tibiae blue.

Abdomen: green, laterally on lower ventral side of abdominal tergites yellow to whitish patches. Medially sternites keeled; sternites white, becoming vivid blue more proximally (Fig. 4 F). Subgenital plate green. Cerci stout, brown-green (Fig. 2 Q).

Female.— not known.

Measurements.—In mm. HW: head width; Pro: pronotum; PFL: posterior femur length; TBL: total body length.

Habitat.— C. ngongensis occurs along the edge of forest remnants of the Ngong Hills crest forest between 2200 m and 2400 m. Here, mostly nymphs, perch commonly on Rubus sp. but also on the low herbaceous vegetation of small clearings (see Table 2).

Diagnosis.—C. ngongensis may be distinguished by its color pattern, the deep sulci of the pronotal lobes (Fig. 2L), and by the head, and the protruding carinae comprising the fastigium (Fig. 2G). The shape of the subgenital plate is also very characteristic, the anterior margin being almost square (Fig. 2Q), while in other Chromothericles species this part is evenly rounded ( v- or u-shaped) or constricted (C. decoloratus Fig. 2T). The color pattern is very similar to C. emaliensis, differing only in the general coloration of the face (very contrasting white and green-blue in C. ngongensis (Fig. 2 B, Fig. 4 E), while it is more green and yellow in C. emaliensis) and differing in the size of the red macula of the pronotal lobes (compare Figs 2 L and M). The genae are yellow in C. ngongensis while they are red-orange in C. emaliensis (Fig. 2 L, M).

Remarks.— The forest cover of the Ngong Hills is largely reduced to small patches on the western slopes below the single peaks. Intensive cattle grazing is a threat to even these remnants. Therefore the forest species, especially endemics such as Chromothericles ngongensis must be regarded as being highly threatened. Although the area has been intensively searched over the years, only a few specimens of C. ngongensis could be caught, these in December 2007. The forest patches also contain a number of Saltatoria species probably endemic to this mountain range. These are, e.g., Amytta sp. and Horatosphaga sp., both probably species new to science.

Holotype.—Male: Kenya, Mt. Kenya, on Rubus sp. along forest road of the Chogoria route, 2200 m a.s.l, UTM zone 36 M 03 34 962 E 99 75 660 m S, 3/03; depository, MNB.

Paratypes.— One female, same data as holotype; depository MNB.

Further paratype material studied.— 1 nymph, same data as holotype, 1 female, same data as holotype but 2400 m. Material remains in collection of C. Hemp. 5 males, 2 females: Kenya, Thiba River, 00235S 3719E, 3.4.72, IADR, Ex Natural Resources Institute BMNH(E) 1996-185. Males with additional numbers: IADR 71/768, IADR 71 839, IADR 71/84, IADR 72/863, IADR 72/862; females: IADR 71/225 and IADR 72/864 (only two males and the two females had the label with the Thiba River locality; the other three males were labelled only with numbers: IADR 71/768, IADR 71/839 and IADR 71/840).

Male description.—Color: green, color patches of yellow, white and red on pronotal lobes, genae and face. Eyes brown (Fig. 2E, O; Fig. 4 H, I).

Head and antennae: fastigium of vertex sulcate, narrow (Fig. 2E, J); median carina of head faint. Antennae brown, basal segments green. Carinae of face vertex after adpression almost parallel (Fig. 2 E). Face green with a little blue-green on lower half; red macula restricted to lower part of carinae. Genae a mix of white and yellow with central red macula below eyes (Fig. 2 O).

Thorax: pronotum with median carina very faint. Two well-developed sulci present laterally on pronotal lobes; these not on disc of pronotum but reaching laterally almost to its margin (Fig. 2 O). Lateral lobes of pronotum bordered white with red macula above beginning before sulcus 1 and extending to sulcus 2 (Fig. 2 O). Sternites of thorax laterally bordered thin wine-red, centrally white (Fig. 4 I).

Legs: green, of same color as body, tarsi brown. Hind femora dorsally with three minute dark spinules. Hind tibiae dorsally with a double row of 12–13 small brown spines, these becoming a bit larger distally; tibiae dull mottled brown.

Abdomen: green, laterally on lower ventral side of abdominal tergites thinly bordered yellow. Medially sternites keeled; sternites bluish to blue (Fig. 4 I). Subgenital plate blue-green, anterior margin of subgenital plate constricted, elongated. Cerci stout, brown, tips black (Fig. 2T).

Female.— (Fig. 4 H, I) About twice as large and more plump than male. Carinae of head and pronotum well developed, abdominal tergites keeled; general color of female green, with brown along midline of pronotum and abdomen. Sternites of thorax and abdomen light brown, contrasting with green color of pronotal lobes and abdomen; eyes in living specimens very conspicuously colored in white-yellow with black (Fig. 4 H), in preserved ones dull brown; spiracles marked black. Dorsal valves long, serrated, serration black. Ventral valves smaller, not as coarsely serrated as dorsal valves, but also here serration black.

Measurements.—In mm. HW: head width; Pro: pronotum length; PFL: posterior femur length; TBL: total body length.

Diagnosis.— C. keniensis is well characterized by its color pattern (Fig. 2 E, O, Fig. 4 I), its almost parallel facial carinae (Fig. 2 E) and the much constricted anterior margin of the subgenital plate (Fig. 2 T).

Habitat.—C. keniensis was found on the Chogoria route of Mt Kenya between 2200 m and 2400 m a.s.l., beside the steep forest path. All individuals were caught upon Rubus bushes of smaller clearings receiving sunlight part of the day and many more individuals were seen along this route in similar situations (see Table 2).