This paper focuses on the eco—environmental aspects of U.S. biofuel production, a grand energy challenge with an important role in addressing new alternative energy sources. Policy driven approaches have made U.S. biofuels attractive for economic, environmental and strategic reasons with a potential to improve national security issues. Despite the many potential benefits of biofuels we will examine causes for concerns relating to biofeedstock supplies, agro—chemical usage on intensively managed landscapes and potential impacts to terrestrial wildlife in North America. The environmental and economic effects of future biofuels are generally perceived as positive; nonetheless, it will be critical to peruse and develop a biofuels economy with caution to safeguard systems sustainability.