Based on the land use data of 2000, 2010, and 2018, ArcGIS, Fragstas, and GeoDa software were used to assess the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk (LER) in the Jinsha River Basin from 2000 to 2018. Their relationship was subsequently examined using bivariate spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression models. The results indicate three important aspects of this system. (1) Between 2000 and 2018, the woodland, grassland, water area, and construction land rose, while the cultivated land and unused land declined, among which the decrease in unused land and the increase in construction land were more prominent. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the value of ecosystem services in the study area increased by 73.09 billion yuan, from 2018.89 billion yuan to 2091.98 billion yuan, while the overall landscape ecological risk index decreased from 0.01029 to 0.01021. The areas occupied by both low-risk and high-risk areas increased, indicating that the ecological environment in the region as a whole has been improving. However, there are still localized areas with deteriorating ecological conditions. (3) There is a positive spatial correlation between landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service values in the study area, demonstrating a high-risk-high-value clustering characteristic, and the landscape ecological risk has a positive effect on the value of all ecosystem services, particularly the value of the regulation services. The findings of this study can be used as a guide for reducing regional ecological risks, enhancing ecosystem services, and enhancing the quality of the ecological environment in the basin.