Survival and growth of triploid Crassostrea virginica and triploid C. ariakensis were investigated at four sites surrounding Chesapeake Bay, United States, that varied in salinity, tidal regime, water depth, predation intensity and disease pressure. Four experimental treatments were established at each site: C. virginica; C. ariakensis; 50:50 of C. virginica: C. ariakensis; and shell only. Oysters were deployed at mean shell heights of 12.80 mm and 13.85 mm (C. virginica and C. ariakensis, respectively), at an overall density of 347.5 oysters m-². Oyster survival and growth varied significantly with site and species. Survival was significantly higher in C. virginica than C. ariakensis at the intertidal site, and significantly higher in C. ariakensis than C. virginica at the highest salinity, subtidal site. Survival did not differ significantly between species at the mid and low salinity, subtidal sites. For both species, survival differed significantly between sites, with lowest survival in both species occurring at the intertidal site. Among the subtidal sites, C. virginica survival varied inversely with salinity, whereas C. ariakensis had the lowest survival at the mid salinity site. Eight months after deployment C. ariakensis were significantly larger than C. virginica at all sites. This difference generally persisted throughout the experiment, though the size differences between oyster species at the lowest salinity site were small (< 10%). Shell heights within single-species treatments differed significantly between sites; highest growth rates were observed at the high salinity, subtidal site, whereas lowest growth rates were observed at the high salinity, intertidal site. At low and mid salinity subtidal sites, C. ariakensis shell heights were significantly greater in the single-species treatment compared with the mixed-species treatment. Perkinsus marinus infections occurred in both species at all sites, with prevalences varying between sites. In C. virginica, moderate and high intensity infections were only common at the two higher salinity sites, whereas infections in C. ariakensis were generally low to rare. Haplosporidium nelsoni infections in C. virginica were only observed at the two higher salinity sites and prevalences were generally low. Two out of 53 C. ariakensis tested at the high salinity, subtidal site had rare H. nelsoni infections. Bonamia spp. infections were never observed. Our study supports previous laboratory findings and observations from its native range that C. ariakensis survives poorly in intertidal habitats. In subtidal habitats, however, C. ariakensis displayed broad environmental tolerances, often exceeding native oyster survival and growth rates. Post-introduction C. ariakensis populations would be shaped by the survival and growth patterns described here, but also by their reproductive success, larval survival, predator-prey interactions and prevailing disease dynamics.