Observations were made of Polistes dominulus Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) on budding Paeonia lactiflora plants (Paeoniaceae). Y-tube and parallel tube olfactometer experiments were performed on field-collected queens and workers to determine if peony odor is attractive to P. dominulus. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, the wasps showed a significant orientation response toward peony bud odor but they did not show a significant response toward peony foliage odor, when compared to the control. Peony bud volatiles were collected in an adsorbent trap and tested in a parallel tube olfactometer for attractiveness to P. dominulus females. The wasp took significantly less time to travel upwind in the peony bud volatile tube compared to the control tube. Chemicals that produce peony bud odor could serve as a feeding attractant lure for trapping P. dominulus.