Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infects many avian species but has rarely been described in Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus). Between September and December 2019, 40 Ruffed Grouse, most in poor physical condition, were submitted to the Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota (US) Departments of Natural Resources; eight were positive for EEEV.
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25 March 2021
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Visibly Affected Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, USA
Meredith Anderson,
Julie Melotti,
Emily Dinh,
Scott D. Fitzgerald,
Thomas M. Cooley,
Steven Bolin,
Elizabeth J. Elsmo,
Nancy Businga,
Arno Wünschmann,
Michelle Carstensen
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Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Vol. 57 • No. 2
April 2021
Vol. 57 • No. 2
April 2021