Impaired function of the mylo-hyoideus muscles was associated with and possibly caused by arterial worm, Elaeophora schneideri, infection in an aged white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Subsequent to this observation, E. schneideri was found in 12 white-tailed deer from four widely separated coastal plain counties in the states of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, U.S.A.