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20 April 2022 Cats were Responsible for the Headless Carcasses of Shearwaters: Evidence from Genetic Predator Identification
Junco Nagata, Atsushi Haga, Yuki Kusachi, Mikuni Tokuyoshi, Hideki Endo, Yuya Watari
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Abstract

The domestic cat Felis silvestris catus is known to be one of the most notorious invasive alien predators. Seabirds are typical taxonomic groups that have been impacted by free-ranging cats on islands, and their headless carcasses are frequently observed. We conducted genetic predator identification of the carcasses of streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas and described their characteristics on Mikura Island, Japan, where free-ranging cats were blamed for the recent rapid decline of the shearwater population. Eight carcasses of streaked shearwaters were found in the survey. Genetic analysis of swab samples from scarred tissues of the carcasses detected cat DNA and identified cat predation on six out of eight carcasses. All six cat-positive carcasses were headless or almost headless with the head and body faintly connected by esophagus and trachea, several of which were missing their intestines. We describe the conditions of these headless carcasses, noting the main characteristics that could lead to suspicion of cat predation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetic predator identification using seabirds, and may make more stakeholders aware of the reality of cat predation worldwide. On Mikura Island, we expect that this evidence will contribute to the development of systematic cat management.

オオミズナギドリの首なし死骸はネコの捕食によるものだった:遺伝学的捕 食者検出によるエビデンス.イエネコ Felis silvestris catus は,最も有名な侵略的外来捕食者の一つとして知 られている.海鳥は,島嶼においてイエネコの影響を受けてきた典型的な分類群であり,首のない死骸が頻 繁に観察されることがある.本研究では,御蔵島において,イエネコによって近年個体数が減少していると 言われているオオミズナギドリ Calonectris leucomelas の死骸を対象に,遺伝的捕食者検出を行い,さらに死 骸の特徴を明らかにした.今回の調査では,オオミズナギドリの死骸を 8 個体分発見した.死骸の傷口から 採取したスワブサンプルの遺伝子分析により,8 つの死骸のうち 6 つでイエネコの DNA が検出され,イエ ネコの捕食が確認された.これら 6 つの死骸はすべて頭がないか,頭がかろうじて食道や器官で胴体部とつ ながったほぼ首なしという状態で,そのうちのいくつかは消化管も消失していた.本研究では,この首なし という死骸の状態について,イエネコの捕食を疑うことができる主な特徴として提示する.我々の知る限り, 本研究は海鳥を対象とした初めての遺伝的捕食者検出の事例であり,これにより世界的なイエネコの捕食の 実態が,より多くの関係者に認識されるようになるであろう.さらに,この遺伝学的エビデンスが御蔵島に おける本格的なイエネコ対策の展開に貢献することも期待される

© The Mammal Society of Japan
Junco Nagata, Atsushi Haga, Yuki Kusachi, Mikuni Tokuyoshi, Hideki Endo, and Yuya Watari "Cats were Responsible for the Headless Carcasses of Shearwaters: Evidence from Genetic Predator Identification," Mammal Study 47(3), 197-204, (20 April 2022). https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2021-0047
Received: 7 October 2021; Accepted: 1 February 2022; Published: 20 April 2022
KEYWORDS
feral cats
islands
molecular forensics
molecular predator identification
saliva
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