A new species of Papaveraceae, Meconopsis xiangchengensis R. Li & Z. L. Dao, is described and illustrated from southwestern Sichuan, China. The new taxon is placed in Meconopsis sect. Simplicifoliae (Tayl.) C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang and is morphologically related to M. impedita Prain. Meconopsis xiangchengensis differs from the latter by the plant height (8–10 cm vs. 15–25 cm in M. impedita) with sparse prickles or nearly glabrous on both surfaces (vs. denser prickles), and by the shorter petioles (1–2.5 cm vs. 3–7.2 cm) and styles (2–3 mm vs. 3–10 mm).