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29 April 2022 Passive acoustic monitoring provides predictable and reliable underestimates of population size and longevity in wild Savannah Sparrows
Abby L. J. Hensel, Sarah L. Dobney, Ines G. Moran, Ian P. Thomas, Joseph B. Burant, Bradley K. Woodworth, Stéphanie M. Doucet, Amy E. M. Newman, D. Ryan Norris, Heather Williams, Daniel J. Mennill
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Many breeding birds produce conspicuous sounds, providing tremendous opportunities to study free-living birds through acoustic recordings. Traditional methods for studying population size and demographic features depend on labor-intensive field research. Passive acoustic monitoring provides an alternative method for quantifying population size and demographic parameters, but this approach requires careful validation. To determine the accuracy of passive acoustic monitoring for estimating population size and demographic parameters, we used autonomous recorders to sample an island-living population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) over a 6-year period. Using the individually distinctive songs of males, we estimated the male population size as the number of unique songs detected in the recordings. We analyzed songs across 6 years to estimate birth year, death year, and longevity. We then compared the estimates with field data in a blind analysis. Estimates of male population size through passive acoustic monitoring were, on average, 72% of the true male population size, with higher accuracy in lower-density years. Estimates of demographic rates were lower than true values by 29% for birth year, 23% for death year, and 29% for longevity. This is the first investigation to estimate longevity with passive acoustic monitoring and adds to a growing number of studies that have used passive acoustic monitoring to estimate population size. Although passive acoustic monitoring underestimated true population parameters, likely due to the high similarity among many male songs, our findings suggest that autonomous recorders can provide reliable estimates of population size and longevity in a wild songbird.

LAY SUMMARY

  • Ornithologists can study free-living birds through passive acoustic recordings of their songs, although these bioacoustic methods require careful assessment and validation.

  • Based on 6 years of data, we estimated the size of a population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) based on the number of unique songs detected in passive acoustic recordings, and we compared our estimates to measurements of population size collected through in-person field studies.

  • We also estimated the longevity of birds by comparing songs recorded across subsequent years, again comparing our estimates to measurements of longevity from in-person field studies.

  • We found that bioacoustic recordings provided predictable and reliable estimates of population size and longevity, although the recordings underestimated true population size and true longevity.

  • Although our acoustic data underestimated population parameters, likely owing to the high similarity among many male songs, our findings reveal that bioacoustic recordings can provide reliable estimates of population size and longevity in wild birds.

Muchas aves reproductoras producen sonidos conspicuos, lo que brinda enormes oportunidades para estudiar a las aves silvestres a través de grabaciones acústicas. Los métodos tradicionales para estudiar el tamaño poblacional y las características demográficas dependen de investigaciones de campo con una demanda intensiva de mano de obra. El monitoreo acústico pasivo proporciona un método alternativo para cuantificar el tamaño poblacional y los parámetros demográficos, pero este enfoque requiere una validación cuidadosa. Para determinar la precisión del monitoreo acústico pasivo para estimar el tamaño poblacional y los parámetros demográficos, utilizamos grabadoras autónomas para muestrear una población isleña de Passerculus sandwichensis durante un período de 6 años. Usando los cantos individualmente distintivos de los machos, estimamos el tamaño poblacional de los machos como el número de cantos únicos detectados en las grabaciones. Analizamos los cantos a lo largo de 6 años para estimar el año de nacimiento, el año de muerte y la longevidad. Luego comparamos las estimaciones con los datos de campo en un análisis ciego. Las estimaciones del tamaño poblacional de los machos usando monitoreo acústico pasivo representaron, en promedio, el 72% del tamaño real de la población de machos, con mayor precisión en los años de menor densidad. Las estimaciones de las tasas demográficas fueron inferiores a los valores reales en un 29% para el año de nacimiento, un 23% para el año de muerte y un 29% para la longevidad. Esta es la primera investigación que estima la longevidad con monitoreo acústico pasivo y se suma a un número creciente de estudios que han utilizado el monitoreo acústico pasivo para estimar el tamaño poblacional. Aunque el monitoreo acústico pasivo subestimó los parámetros reales de la población, probablemente debido a la gran similitud entre muchos cantos de los machos, nuestros hallazgos sugieren que las grabadoras autónomas pueden proporcionar estimaciones confiables del tamaño y la longevidad poblacional en un ave canora silvestre.

Copyright © American Ornithological Society 2022. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Abby L. J. Hensel, Sarah L. Dobney, Ines G. Moran, Ian P. Thomas, Joseph B. Burant, Bradley K. Woodworth, Stéphanie M. Doucet, Amy E. M. Newman, D. Ryan Norris, Heather Williams, and Daniel J. Mennill "Passive acoustic monitoring provides predictable and reliable underestimates of population size and longevity in wild Savannah Sparrows," Ornithological Applications 124(3), 1-11, (29 April 2022). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac018
Received: 1 February 2022; Accepted: 6 April 2022; Published: 29 April 2022
KEYWORDS
acoustic monitoring
acoustic surveys
bioacoustics
bioacústica
estimación poblacional
monitoreo acústico
monitoreo poblacional
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