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9 July 2022 Climate change is predicted to reduce sympatry among North American wood-warblers
Cody H. Pham, J. Jordan Price, Jason M. Tallant, David N. Karowe
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change will dramatically alter species distributions. The rate and magnitude of range shifts, however, will differ among taxa, resulting in altered patterns of co-occurrence and interspecific interactions. We examined potential climate-mediated breeding range shifts among North American wood-warblers (Parulidae), a speciose avian family likely to be especially impacted by such changes due to high levels of interspecific competition and hybridization. We used publicly available species distribution model (SDM) range outputs to compare current ranges and patterns of sympatry among warbler species to future ranges and sympatry under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of average global warming. Range overlap among species and number of sympatric species are expected to decrease significantly in future warming scenarios, and unequal range shifts will alter the composition of warbler communities. On average, climate change will result in net decreases in the local species diversity; each warbler species is predicted to gain sympatry with approximately 1 new species and lose sympatry with approximately 2 species. Climate-mediated changes are predicted to differ among warblers in different regions of North America, with greatest impacts on eastern and boreal forest species. Our findings suggest that climate change will alter the diversity of wood-warbler communities during this century. Targeted monitoring of these changing interspecific relationships, especially for antagonistic interactions or hybridization between newly sympatric species, will be crucial for prioritizing particular species and regions in future conservation or management efforts.

LAY SUMMARY

  • Different rates and magnitudes of range shifts driven by climate change can lead to new patterns of range overlap among species.

  • Changing patterns of range overlap can, in turn, change species interactions, resulting in altered patterns of competition and hybridization, for example.

  • We compared current patterns of range overlap among North American wood-warblers (Parulidae) to predicted patterns with climate change using publicly available species distribution models.

  • On average, each warbler species is predicted to gain sympatry with approximately one new species, while at the same time experiencing decreases in breeding range area, range overlap among species, and overall number of sympatric species, leading to changes in community composition.

  • These results suggest that climate-induced changes in species interactions, especially among newly sympatric species, will be crucial to consider in future conservation efforts.

El cambio climático antropogénico alterará drásticamente la distribución de las especies. Sin embargo, la tasa y la magnitud de los cambios de rango diferirán entre taxones, dando como resultado patrones alterados de co-ocurrencia y de interacciones interespecíficas. Examinamos los posibles cambios en el rango de reproducción mediados por el clima entre las especies de Parulidae de América del Norte, una familia de aves con muchas especies que probablemente se vea especialmente afectada por tales cambios debido a los altos niveles de competencia interespecífica e hibridación. Utilizamos rangos generados por modelos de distribución de especies disponibles públicamente para comparar los rangos actuales y los patrones de simpatría entre las especies de Parulidae con los rangos y los patrones de simpatría futuros bajo escenarios de calentamiento global promedio de 1,5°C, 2,0°C y 3,0°C. Se espera que la superposición de rangos entre las especies y el número de especies simpátricas disminuya significativamente en futuros escenarios de calentamiento, y los cambios de rango desiguales alterarán la composición de las comunidades de Parulidae. En promedio, el cambio climático resultará en disminuciones netas de la diversidad local de especies; se predice que cada especie de Parulidae aumentará su simpatría con aproximadamente 1 especie nueva y perderá simpatría con aproximadamente 2 especies, lo que provocará disminuciones netas en la simpatría. Se prevé que los cambios provocados por el clima difieran entre las especies de Parulidae en diferentes regiones de América del Norte, con mayores impactos en las especies de bosques orientales y boreales. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el cambio climático alterará la diversidad de las comunidades de Parulidae durante este siglo. El monitoreo específico de estas relaciones interespecíficas cambiantes, especialmente para las interacciones antagónicas o la hibridación entre nuevas especies simpátricas, será crucial para priorizar especies y regiones particulares en futuros esfuerzos de conservación o manejo.

Copyright © American Ornithological Society 2022. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Cody H. Pham, J. Jordan Price, Jason M. Tallant, and David N. Karowe "Climate change is predicted to reduce sympatry among North American wood-warblers," Ornithological Applications 124(4), 1-12, (9 July 2022). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac025
Received: 3 February 2022; Accepted: 22 June 2022; Published: 9 July 2022
KEYWORDS
Cambio climático
cambio de rango
climate change
interespecífico
interspecific
modelo de distribución de especies
Parulidae
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