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1 August 2023 Structural complexity is a better predictor than single habitat attributes of understory bird densities in Andean temperate forests
Victoria C. Concha, Julián Caviedes, Fernando J. Novoa, Tomás A. Altamirano, José Tomás Ibarra
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

The simplification of forest structural complexity, caused by anthropogenic land-use practices, is one of the main threats to understory specialist birds. We examined the association of both single structural attributes and structural complexity, with the density of 4 understory bird species in the Global Biodiversity Hotspot “Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests” of South America. Between 2011 and 2013, we surveyed habitat attributes and conducted bird point counts in 505 plots in Andean temperate ecosystems in Chile. In each habitat plot, we measured understory density, volume of coarse woody debris (CWD), number of snags, diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees, and leaf litter depth. With these attributes, we developed an index of stand structural complexity (ISC). On average, old-growth forests had higher values for understory density, CWD volume, DBH, and litter depth than secondary forests and open fields, and thus greater values of ISC. The density of understory birds was positively correlated with the ISC for the Rhinocryptidae Pteroptochos tarnii, Scelorchilus rubecula, and Scytalopus magellanicus. We also found a positive association between understory density and litter depth, with the density of the Furnariidae Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii. However, this latter species showed a negative association with the density of snags. Our results suggest the utility of using an index of structural complexity, rather than single or even additive habitat attributes, for determining the density of understory specialist birds. We recommend that management plans should promote the retention of habitat attributes that contribute to the structural complexity of temperate forests of South America and beyond.

How to Cite

Concha, V. C., J. Caviedes, F. J. Novoa, T. A. Altamirano, and J. T. Ibarra (2023). Structural complexity is a better predictor than single habitat attributes of understory bird densities in Andean temperate forests. Ornithological Applications 125:duad035.

LAY SUMMARY

  • We examined the association of forest structural attributes and structural complexity, with the density of four understory bird species from South American temperate forests.

  • We surveyed 505 plots in Chile's Andean temperate ecosystems between 2011 and 2013, measuring various structural attributes and bird densities.

  • We found that old-growth forests had higher values of structural complexity compared to secondary forests and open fields.

  • The density of understory birds, including Pteroptochos tarnii, Scelorchilus rubecula, and Scytalopus magellanicus, was positively correlated with the index of stand structural complexity (ISC). There was also a positive association between understory density and leaf litter depth for the Furnariidae Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii.

  • We highlight the importance of considering overall structural complexity for effective conservation planning, recommending the retention of habitat attributes that promote the structural complexity of temperate forests in South America and beyond.

La simplificación de la complejidad estructural del bosque, causada por prácticas intensivas de uso de la tierra por los seres humanos, es una de las principales amenazas para las aves especialistas del sotobosque. Examinamos la asociación tanto de atributos estructurales individuales del hábitat como de la complejidad estructural integrada, con la densidad de cuatro especies de aves del sotobosque en el Punto Caliente de Biodiversidad Global llamado “Bosques Valdivianos Chilenos de América del Sur.” Entre 2011 y 2013, realizamos evaluaciones de atributos del hábitat en 505 parcelas y 505 puntos de conteo de aves en los ecosistemas templados andinos de Chile. En cada parcela de hábitat, medimos la densidad del sotobosque, el volumen de residuos leñosos gruesos (RLG), el número de árboles muertos en pie, el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) de los árboles y la profundidad de la hojarasca. Con estos atributos, desarrollamos un índice de complejidad estructural del bosque (ICEB). En promedio, los bosques primarios tuvieron valores más altos para la densidad del sotobosque, el volumen de RLG, el DAP y la profundidad de la hojarasca que los bosques secundarios y los campos abiertos y, por lo tanto, valores mayores del ICEB. La densidad de las aves del sotobosque se correlacionó positivamente con el ICEB para las especies Rhinocryptidae Pteroptochos tarnii, Scelorchilus rubecula y Scytalopus magellanicus. También encontramos una asociación positiva entre la densidad del sotobosque y la profundidad de la hojarasca, con la densidad de la especie Furnariidae Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii. Sin embargo, esta última especie mostró una asociación negativa con la densidad de árboles muertos en pie. Nuestros resultados muestran la utilidad de utilizar un índice de complejidad estructural, en lugar de atributos de hábitat individuales o incluso aditivos, para determinar la densidad de las aves especialistas del sotobosque. Recomendamos que los planes de manejo forestal promuevan la retención de atributos del hábitat que contribuyen a la complejidad estructural de los bosques templados de América del Sur y más allá.

Victoria C. Concha, Julián Caviedes, Fernando J. Novoa, Tomás A. Altamirano, and José Tomás Ibarra "Structural complexity is a better predictor than single habitat attributes of understory bird densities in Andean temperate forests," Ornithological Applications 125(4), 1-12, (1 August 2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duad035
Received: 15 September 2022; Accepted: 12 July 2023; Published: 1 August 2023
KEYWORDS
árboles muertos en pie
biodiversity hotspot
Chile
Chile
forest disturbance
habitat legacies
legados de hábitat
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