3-Nitrotyrosine has been reported as an important biomarker of oxidative stress that may play a role in a variety of diseases. In this work, transient UV-visible absorption spectra and kinetics observed during the reaction of the hydrated electron, eaq−, with 3-nitrotyrosine and derivatives thereof were investigated. The absorption spectra show characteristics of aromatic nitro anion radicals. The absorptivity of radical anion product at 300 nm is estimated to be (1.0 ± 0.2) × 104 M−1 cm−1 at pH 7.3. The rate constants determined for the reaction of eaq− with 3-nitrotyrosine, N-acetyl-3-nitrotyrosine ethyl ester and glycylnitrotyrosylglycine at neutral pH (3.0 ± 0.3) × 1010 M−1 s−1, (2.9 ± 0.2) × 1010 M−1 s−1 and (1.9 ± 0.2) × 1010 M−1 s−1, respectively, approach the diffusion-control limit and are almost two orders of magnitude higher than those for the reactions with tyrosine and tyrosine-containing peptides. The magnitude of the rate constants supports reaction of eaq− at the nitro group, and the product absorbance at 300 nm is consistent with formation of the nitro anion radical. The pH dependence of the second-order rate constant for eaq− decay (720 nm) in the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine shows a decrease with increasing pH, consistent with unfavorable electrostatic interactions. The pH dependence of the second-order rate constant for formation of radical anion (300 nm) product suggests that deprotonation of the amino group slows the rate, which indicates that deamination to form the 1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethyl radical occurs. We conclude that the presence of the nitro group activates tyrosine and derivatives toward reaction with eaq− and can affect the redox chemistry of biomolecules exposed to oxidative stress.
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4 June 2011
Nitration Activates Tyrosine toward Reaction with the Hydrated Electron
Wei-Qun Shi,
Hai-Ying Fu,
Patricia L. Bounds,
Yusa Muroya,
Ming-Zhang Lin,
Yosuke Katsumura,
Yu-Liang Zhao,
Zhi-Fang Chai
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Radiation Research
Vol. 176 • No. 1
July 2011
Vol. 176 • No. 1
July 2011