North American material from the herbarium of Constantin Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (1783–1840) is reviewed. From this effort 585 specimens were identified from 15 public herbaria, including 450 specimens recorded in online herbarium databases. Future research is planned that will expand this effort to: 1) include all material, not just North American, from Rafinesque's herbarium; 2) determine the original material and type status of each specimen; and 3) develop a Rafinesque herbarium database allowing users to readily search for Rafinesque material.