Amphibians play an important role in the energy flux between aquatic and terrestrial environments, exerting a “topdown” control on leaf-litter invertebrates in many forested environments. In the present study, we investigated activity patterns and diet composition of Odontophrynus carvalhoi in a tropical rainforest within a semi-arid area in northeastern Brazil. There was a positive correlation between the number of recorded individuals and the amount of rainfall on the day of observations, and three and seven days prior to the observations. Coleoptera, Opiliones, Gastropoda, and Diplopoda were, numerically, the most important prey categories, while Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Gastropoda were the most important volumetrically. According to the index of relative importance (IRI), Coleoptera, Gastropoda, and Opiliones were the most important prey. Our data suggest that O. carvalhoi has a generalist diet and is mainly active in the leaf-litter during the nocturnal period.