Jatropha curcas L. hosts a wide variety of insects, but temporal variation in the composition of organisms (beta diversity) associated with crop farming has not been determined. Knowing the diversity and ecological role of its entomofauna are elements to develop management strategies for potential vulnerability of an agroecosystem. In this research, diversity, composition, and temporal turnover of insect species associated with cultivation of physic nuts were evaluated at Morelos, Mexico. During the second flowering period, 1,447 individuals in 13 orders, 106 families, 162 genera, and 190 species were collected; Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera comprised 89.9% of the individuals. Families Cicadellidae, Miridae, Chloropidae, Nitidulidae, and Chrysomelidae were most abundant. Insect alpha diversity, richness (0D), Shannon (1D), and Simpson (2D), did not show significant differences. Analysis of the composition of insect species using beta diversity (βSOR) showed a change of 0.37 ± 0.02 species. Piercing-sucking and chewing insects were the most diverse functional groups, of which at least 45 species are pests. The research should be complemented with more field observations in the Jatropha curcas crop. Results emphasized the need to consider different diversity aspects for appropriate crop management strategies.