Short-horned grasshoppers are important constituents of grassland ecosystems, with some species causing substantial damage to rangeland. A statewide, comprehensive inventory between 1959 and 1961 listed 117 species from Oklahoma with 2,101 county records documented. From June 2019 through October 2020, short-horned grasshoppers were surveyed in all 77 Oklahoma counties. The surveys, combined with a thorough examination of museum specimens, resulted in five new state records and 734 new county records. Our results increased the number of known records by 35%, bringing the total number of county records for Acrididae and Romaleidae in Oklahoma to 2,835. The five new state records were Trachyrhachys aspera (Scudder), Trimerotropis melanoptera McNeill, Metaleptea brevicornis (L.), Melanoplus macclungi Rehn, and Phrynotettix tshivavensis (Haldeman). County records for the subfamilies Leptysminae and Cyrtacanthacridinae had the greatest relative increase (70 and 55%, respectively), while Romaleinae and Melanoplinae had the least (26 and 25%, respectively). The data update current ranges of economically important species as well as species of potential conservation concern.