Two known species of the oribatid mite genus Epilohmannia, E. cylindrica (Berlese) and E. spathulata Aoki, are redescribed. E. cylindrica is recorded for the first time from Mongolia. Two new species, Epilohmannia spathuloides sp. nov. and Epilohmannia shtanchaevae sp. nov. are described from larch litter in Yamanashi Prefecture (Mt. Yatsugatake), Central Japan and from deep soil in the mountain-steppe landscape of Central Mongolia, respectively. A key to the Japanese and Mongolian species of Epilohmanniidae is given.