Aspidistra cylindrica, a new species from southern Vietnam (Kon Tum province), is described and illustrated. The new species possesses a unique combination of cylindrical shape of pistil and shoot system with foliage leaves crowded in groups and not divided into petiole and lamina. Aspidistra cylindrica resembles A. muricata but differs in longer leaves, shorter and wider perigone, shorter pistil, shape and colour of perigone lobes, anther position, and stigma shape. The conservation status of A. cylindrica is assessed. A key for species of Aspidistra in southern Vietnam is provided.