In urban landscapes, predators are often more abundant or diverse than in rural areas, but few studies have examined how the identity of actual nest predators varies with urbanization. From 2007 to 2010, we used time-lapsed video to record activity at nests of the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), and Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) in riparian forests in urban and rural landscapes of Ohio, and we examined the extent to which predator identity was predicted by landscape composition. In 99 records of depredation, we identified 21 species of nest predators (17 in rural, 15 in urban). No single species dominated, though the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater; 18% of recorded depredations) and northern raccoon (Procyon lotor; 11%) were the most commonly recorded predators. Birds were responsible for 62% of depredations, followed by mammals (36%) and snakes (2%). By category of predator, mesopredators were the most likely to remove all nest contents, depredate nests at night, and concentrate on the nestling stage. Mesopredators also were most important in urban landscapes, accounting for 35% of urban but only 13% of rural depredations. Small birds (46%), including the cowbird, Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), and House Wren (Troglodytes aedon), plus raptors (21%), were responsible for most rural depredations. The relative proportion of nests depredated by mesopredators increased as the landscape surrounding a forest urbanized. These data indicate that the composition of the actual predator community may not mirror patterns of abundance or diversity along the rural-to-urban gradient.