The genus Acanthochermes Kollar (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) is reviewed and reported in China for the first time with a description of one new species, Acanthochermes similiquercus sp. nov.. The main differences between the new species and the only known species, A. quercus Kollar are that the new species has less secondary projections of dorsal tubercles on abdominal tergites in nymphal fundatrix, more and longer tubercles on abdominal tergites I–IV and oval primary rhinaria in fundatrix. Key to species, morphological descriptions, features, host plants, and distributions are provided.