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27 April 2022 Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) nestling mortality associated with unprecedented June 2021 heatwave in Portland, Oregon
Sarah A. Sloane, Amit Gordon, Ian D. Connelly
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Abstract

Between 26 and 28 June 2021, the United States' Pacific Northwest endured an unprecedented heatwave that broke previous temperature records by 5 °C. Here, we report the impacts of the heatwave on Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) nests being monitored as part of a long-term study in Portland, Oregon. Of the 8 nests active during the event, nestling mortality was 100% in 3 nests and 4 broods survived at least in part. We suspect the excessive heat forced at least one additional brood to fledge early. Remains of nestlings found in 2 nests that eventually fledged suggest that even those encountered brood reduction during the heatwave. Nests with broods that survived were closer to a water source (=13 m) than nests with broods that did not survive ( = 148 m). In addition, surviving broods were younger (either eggs or <4 d of age) than those that perished (>9 d of age). Since these are only the second incidence of total nestling mortality other than depredation observed during Sloane's long-term research on Bushtits in Oregon and Arizona (1986–present), we consider this to be a significant finding and indicative of the future negative effects of global climate change on temperate zone species of breeding passerines.

Sarah A. Sloane, Amit Gordon, and Ian D. Connelly "Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) nestling mortality associated with unprecedented June 2021 heatwave in Portland, Oregon," The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 134(1), 155-162, (27 April 2022). https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00080
Received: 27 July 2021; Accepted: 13 December 2021; Published: 27 April 2022
KEYWORDS
bird nests
climate change
heat stress
nestling mortality
Parental care
passerines
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