Seventeen new species of Psychomyia from China are described and illustrated, these species are: P. biacicularis Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. cuspidata Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. didymos Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. ensiformis Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. erecta Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. hirta Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. humecta Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. longa Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. machengensis Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. meridionalis Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. polyacantha Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. rhombiformis Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. rivalis Qiu, Morse, and Wiberg-Larsen, sp. nov.; P. trilobata Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. similis Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; P. trotispina Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov.; and P. valida Li, Qiu, and Morse, sp. nov. Psychomyia chompu ; P. flavida ; P. forcipata ; and P. minima () are reported from China for the first time. A phylogeny of genus Psychomyia is analyzed based on 75 morphological characters, and species groups are hypothesized and named.