BioOne.org will be down briefly for maintenance on 17 December 2024 between 18:00-22:00 Pacific Time US. We apologize for any inconvenience.
How to translate text using browser tools
22 October 2024 Young American Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus Subsp. Smithsonianus) Have the Opportunity for Social Development at the Breeding Colony
Liam U. Taylor
Author Affiliations +
Abstract

Most seabirds delay reproduction for multiple years. The standing hypothesis is that seabirds delay reproduction while they develop foraging skills. Here, I clarify an old but understudied alternative hypothesis: young seabirds also undergo a phase of social development before beginning reproduction. I then provide a prefatory, but necessary, test of this hypothesis with American Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), asking whether young gulls have an opportunity for social development at colonies before breeding. A corresponding set of predictions is that young gulls are (A) present at breeding colonies, (B) socially engaged, and (C) not breeding. I conducted census counts and behavioral observations at a northwest Atlantic breeding colony on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada during summers 2022–3, along with supplementary observations at Great Duck Island, Maine, USA. Immature gulls in an advanced predefinitive plumage stage were common (2.5–6.2% of a total census of ∼4,000 birds). Younger birds, identified via less-advanced predefinitive plumage stages, were nearly absent (generally <1% of census). Immature birds were socially engaged around foreign territories. Yet only 1–4 immature birds held territories or nests of their own. This phenomenon suggests the social conditions at breeding colonies may set the stage for forms of social development that, in turn, set the stage for life history and plumage evolution.

Liam U. Taylor "Young American Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus Subsp. Smithsonianus) Have the Opportunity for Social Development at the Breeding Colony," Waterbirds 47(2), 1-12, (22 October 2024). https://doi.org/10.1675/063.047.0206
Received: 29 February 2024; Accepted: 11 August 2024; Published: 22 October 2024
KEYWORDS
deferred breeding
delayed maturity
delayed plumage maturation
natal dispersal
prospecting
recruitment
seabird
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Get copyright permission
Back to Top