Imazamox ammonium salt at 53 g ae/ha applied postemergence in the fall to imidazolinone-resistant wheat controlled Italian ryegrass 98 to 100% 10 wk after treatment (WAT). Control 22 WAT was 88 to 98% at two locations and 55% at a third location. Imazamox was more effective applied in fall to three- to four-leaf Italian ryegrass than when applied in spring to one- to three-tiller Italian ryegrass. Split applications, with 27 g/ha applied in fall and spring, were no more effective than 53 g/ha applied in fall. Pendimethalin preemergence in combination with fall-applied imazamox increased control 22 WAT 10 to 33 percentage points at two of three locations. Imazethapyr ammonium salt plus imazapyr isopropylamine salt applied at 47 plus 16 g ae/ha and imazamox at 44 or 53 g/ha were similarly effective, whereas imazethapyr at 70 g/ha was ineffective. Control by imazapic ammonium salt at 70 g ae/ha was equal to or greater than control by imazamox at 44 or 53 g/ha. Imazamox, imazethapyr plus imazapyr, and imazapic controlled diclofop-resistant and -susceptible Italian ryegrass. Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron mixed with imazamox increased Italian ryegrass control in field and greenhouse experiments, whereas dicamba reduced control compared with imazamox applied alone. Control by imazamox plus 2,4-D was similar to or greater than control by imazamox alone.
Nomenclature: Dicamba; diclofop; imazamox; imazapic; imazapyr; imazethapyr; imidazolinone; isopropylamine; pendimethalin; thifensulfuron; tribenuron; 2,4-D; Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. Marshall #3 LOLMU; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Additional index words: Herbicide interactions, herbicide-resistant weeds, weed management.
Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; I80, rate required for 80% visible control or 80% fresh weight reduction; IR, imidazolinone-resistant; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment.
