Pulicaria samhanensis from Jabal Samhan, E Dhofar, Oman, is described as a species new to science and illustrated. The species is most remarkable for its purple flowered, disciform, heterogamous capitula and its achene wall with a single layer of sclerenchymatous cells. The news species is closely related to P. pulvinata from coastal Jiddat al Harasis, Central Oman, and both hold a rather isolated position in the genus. The S Arabian distribution and infraspecific variation of P. (sect. Platychaete) argyrophylla is re-evaluated and P. argyrophylla var. oligophylla raised to subspecies rank. P. (sect. Platychaete) omanensis is for the first time reported from Yemen and P. rauhii is found to be conspecific with the former.
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