New findings and a key to the 24 species of Astragalus sect. Alopecuroidei in Iran are provided. Two species, A. neo-maassoumianus and A. foliosus are described as new to science. A. alopecurus is a new record for the flora of Iran. A. phlomoides is transferred from A. sect. Laxiflori to sect. Alopecuroidei. A. ajubensis is reduced to a synonym of A. macrocephalus subsp. finitimus and A. ovalifoliolatus to a synonym of A. kirrindicus.
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