The genus Axyris in the Himalayas and Tibet is revised and only two taxa are recognised: Axyris prostrata possesses an extensive distribution range throughout the Himalayas and Tibet; A. mira (= A. hybrida auct.), with a wider distribution in the Himalayan-Tibetan region, is described as a species new to science. The differences between A. mira and A. hybrida are given; both are geographically vicarious, with A. hybrida actually being distributed in Central Asia. A carpological analysis revealed the facultative presence of sclereids in the pericarp of the brown fruit of A. mira, a feature recognised as a peculiarity of the genus. No correctly identified specimens of A. amaranthoides were traced from the Himalayas or Tibet. General conclusions for the fruit anatomy of Axyris are discussed and a key to all accepted species of Axyris is presented.