A new section of Philodendron, P. sect. Dolichogynium, is described. It is characterised by pistils with an elongated, divergent, narrowly tapered style with a minute globular stigma and small, 6–9-locular ovaries with a single ovule per locule. Other distinctive characters include deciduous, unribbed cataphylls, cordate to ovate-triangular or three-lobed leaf blades with distinct posterior ribs, and small, numerous inflorescences per axil with non-constricted spathes. The new section is represented by P. sparreorum and P. delinksii, the latter a species also described as new to science.