A checklist of 500 lichens known from Madagascar is published for the first time, including 131 new records. The following 22 species, mostly crustose lichens from rain forests, are here reported for the first time from the continent of Africa: Agonimia opuntiella (Buschardt & Poelt) Vězda, Amandinea efflorescens (Müll. Arg.) Marbach, Anisomeridium ambiguum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris, Bacidina simplex var. cyanophila Lücking, Bogoriella miculiformis (Nyl. ex Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, B. minutula (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, Catillaria ophthalmocarpa Vain., Coccotrema porinopsis (Nyl.) Imshaug ex Yoshim., Constrictolumina leucostoma (Müll. Arg.) Lücking & al., Dibaeis arcuata (Stirt.) Kalb & Gierl, Graphis argentia Makhija & Adaw., G. consimilis Vain., Lecanora flavidorufa Hue, L. pangerangoensis Zahlbr., L. subflava Tuck., Megalotremis pustulata Aptroot, Mycoporum californicum (Zahlbr.) R. C. Harris, Myeloconis erumpens P. M. McCarthy & Elix, Polychidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen, Pyrenula hibernica (Nyl.) Aptroot, Thelotrema leucophthalmum Nyl. and Traponora fusca Aptroot. The following new species of thelotremoid Graphidaceae are described as new to science: Clandestinotrema minutum, with warted periphyses, granular, blackish epihymenium, and hyaline, 6–9-septate ascospores in one bundle in clavate asci; and Pseudoramonia psoromica, with stout isidia, thallus with psoromic acid, and submuriform ascospores.

Version of record first published online on 31 October 2016 ahead of inclusion in December 2016 issue.