Provanna marshalli sp. nov. is described from Early to Middle Miocene-age fossil hydrocarbon seep localities in the East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand, adding to 18 modern and three fossil species of the genus described. Modern species are well represented at hydrothermal vent sites as well as at hydrocarbon seeps and on other organic substrates in the deep sea, including sunken wood and whale falls. Described fossil Provanna species have been almost exclusively reported from hydrocarbon seep deposits, with a few reports of suspected fossil specimens of the genus from other chemosynthetic environments such as sunken wood and large vertebrate (whale and plesiosaurid) carcasses, and the oldest occurrences are dated to the Middle Cenomanian (early Late Cretaceous). The New Zealand fossil species is the most variable species of the genus described to date, and its shell microstructure is reported and found to be comparable to the fossil species Provanna antiqua and some modern species of the genus.