Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are one of the most widespread and common type of symbiotic associations. Lycopodium paniculatum and Equisetum bogotense are two important species of seedless vascular plants in a Valdivian temperate forest of Patagonia, Argentina. The mycorrhizal status of these species is completely unknown, as it is for most lycophytes and monilophytes in Argentina, where information on symbiotic interactions in these plants is scarce. In this study, typical AM structures were observed in sporophytes of L. paniculatum and E. bogotense. The percentage of root length colonized by AM fungi ranged from 0 to 50% in the first species and from 0 to 22.5% in E. bogotense. Both species were facultative mycorrhizal and it was observed that the habitat and substrate seem to play an important role in determining the colonization intensity. The morphological AM colonization pattern was considered an Intermediate-type. Dark septate fungi, characterized by septate hyphae and microsclerotia, were also present within the roots of L. paniculatum and E. bogotense.

The presence of the fern species Anogramma leptophylla was detected in the Zempléni Mountains (NE Hungary) in 1991. The species was known neither from the country nor from the whole Carpatho-Pannonian Region (also known as Carpathian Basin) previously. Its habitat is situated on a roadside bank, cut into an unstable rhyolite surface, above the valley of the Creek Kemence near the village of Pálháza. The fern is a cosmopolitan taxon restricted to humid environments and is considered to be an oceanic-suboceanic (Atlantic) element in Europe. The occurrence in Hungary is located more than 1000 km from the closest populations, thus, this is one of the most remote inland occurrences of this (sub)oceanic species. This striking presence of the fern may be due to the peculiar microclimatological conditions of the habitat, which are described here in order to give an exact explanation for this outstanding occurrence. The chromosomes were also counted in some individuals of the Hungarian population and were found to be n = 26^II for each sample.

This paper presents new combinations for two species of Serpocaulon from southeastern Brazil: S. glandulosissimum and S. sehnemii. We provide a provisional key for the species, comments, descriptions, and illustrations for all studied taxa.

We describe and illustrate a new species, Eriosorus areniticola, and compare it with E. myriophyllus, the species to which it is most similar. This new species is endemic to southeastern and southern Brazil. It resembles a small form of E. myriophyllus, but differs by the absence of glandular hairs on rachises and laminar tissue, smaller leaf size, and distinct habitat.

Trachypteris gilliana was studied with the aim of identifying characteristics for the reconsideration of this taxon. The analysis was based on herbarium material and performed with stereo, light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results allow us to differentiate T. gilliana as an independent entity from T. pinnata by its trifid fertile fronds and differences in spore ornamentation. A description of the taxon as well as illustrations of its spores and the type specimen are given.