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To clarify the taxonomy and serve as a foundation for future systematic studies, we searched for the type material associated with all named forms of Brazilian Atlantic tree rats of the genus Phyllomys. For the following ten taxa we found either the originally designated holotypes, syntype series, or contemporary specimens likely to have been seen by the authors: P. blainvilii, P. brasiliensis, P. fossilis, P. nigrispinus, P. unicolor, P. dasythrix, P. lamarum, P. medius, P. thomasi, and P. kerri. For five species the holotype was unambiguously identified. For five other named forms no holotype was originally designated but we found several candidate specimens and for all of these we designate lectotypes. We identify the type localities for all named Phyllomys species and amend those which are ambiguous. We review the taxonomy, diagnosing and redescribing all the named forms of the genus. After examining the type material, we concluded that the rusty-sided tree rat from coastal Brazil, usually identified in the literature as P. brasiliensis, belongs to an unnamed species. We describe and name it here.
RESUMEN
Com o objetivo de esclarecer a taxonomia e servir de base para futuros estudos sistemáticos, nós procuramos identificar os tipos associados a todas as formas descritas dos ratos arbóreos do gênero Phyllomys. Encontramos, para as seguintes 10 espécies, o holótipo designado originalmente, ou séries de síntipos, ou ainda espécimes contemporâneos provavelmente vistos pelos autores: P. blainvilii, P. brasiliensis, P. fossilis, P. nigrispinus, P. unicolor, P. dasythrix, P. lamarum, P. medius, P. thomasi e P. kerri. Para cinco delas o holótipo foi identificado sem nenhuma dúvida, enquanto que vários espécimes candidatos foram encontrados para cinco outras onde nenhum holótipo foi designado originalmente. Para todos esses nós designamos lectótipos. Nós identificamos as localidades tipo de todas as espécies descritas, corrigindo e restringindo as que eram ambíguas. Também revimos a taxonomia, diagnosticando e descrevendo todas as espécies nomeadas do gênero. Após examinarmos os tipos, concluimos que o rato de espinho ferrugíneo da costa do Brasil, geralmente identificado na literatura como Phyllomys brasiliensis, pertence à uma espécie distinta que ainda não tem nome. Nesse artigo, nós descrevemos e nomeamos essa espécie.
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