Three new species of the genus LordellonemaAndrássy, 1960 are described and illustrated. Lordellonema indicumsp. nov. has 0.9–1.1 mm long body; lip region offset by constriction with distinctly protruding labial papillae; odontostyle 13–15 µm long, with aperture occupying about 40–50% of its length; vulva pore-like; tail short, rounded and males absent. Lordellonema paramacrodorumsp. nov. has 1.0–1.2 mm long body; lip region distinctly offset, lips separate, rounded; odontostyle sinuate, 27–29 µm long, with aperture occupying about one-third of its length; vulva transverse; well-developed glandular cells present close to vagina; tail conical with rounded tip. Lordellonema spicularissp. nov. is characterized by its 1.2–1.4 mm long body; lip region angular, offset by constriction; odontostyle 15–16 µm long, aperture occupying 36–44% of its length; vulva transverse; tail convex conoid with blunt terminus; males with non-dorylaimid spicules, 5–7 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements and lateral guiding pieces absent. Lordellonema porosum is redescribed here after more than five decades from Cabo Verde. L. rapsoides (Heyns et Lagerway, 1965) comb. nov. is redescribed here from Saudi Arabia. A diagnostic compendium of valid species is provided and comment has been made on their biogeography.

Psyllaphorura altaicasp. nov. from the Altai Mts., Russia is described and illustrated. The new species is the most similar to Psyllaphorura ryozoyoshiiWeiner & Najt, 2000 by a pseudocelli arrangement on head forming a single group in frontal part near midline. It can be distinguished from the former species by the pseudocellar formula and the number of papillae in AIIIO. P. altaicasp. nov. shares the same number of pseudocelli on the head with P. obesa (Mills, 1934), but differs by their arrangement. The key to the world species of Psyllaphorura is also provided.

CernotinaRoss, 1938 contains about 70 described New World species, except for the Chilean subregion. In Brazil 38 species occur, of which only nine species are found in Atlantic Forest. Three new species of the caddisfly Cernotina are described and illustrated from Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil: Cernotina alinyaesp. nov., C. juliannaesp. nov., and C. nessimianisp. nov. In addition, new distributional records for Rio de Janeiro state are given for C. antoninaHolzenthal et Almeida, 2003C. lanceolataBarcelos-Silva, Camargos et Pes, 2013 and C. longispinaBarcelos-Silva, Camargos et Pes, 2013. The distributional area of C. puriDumas et Nessimian, 2011 is also expanded into the state.

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Inflatopina, I. longistria, I. aprocessa and I. paravictorspp. nov., are described from China and Thailand. A checklist with distribution of the genus and a revised key to all known species based on male genitalia are provided. Male habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are also given. A replacement name, Barbulanus Xu, Qin et Dietrich, nom. nov., is proposed for the junior homonym Barbaropus Xu, Qin et Dietrich, 2019 (nec BarbaropusGorham, 1887), creating a new combination for the type species, Barbulanus flatusXu, Qin et Dietrich, 2019, comb. nov.

Urania sloanus is an endemic species in Jamaica. The species probably became extinct at the end of the 19^th century or the beginning of the 20^th century. During the work on combining the collections of exotic butterflies in the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, one specimen of this taxon was found. The discovery of this species in the Museum of Upper Silesia in Bytom led us to search for entomological collections in other Polish museums. As a result of our search, we found three additional specimens: two specimens in the collection of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wrocław and one at the Zoological Museum of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. In total, in the Polish museum collections, the species was represented by four specimens. In our publication, we also paid attention to the role of museum collections as important repositories of biodiversity in the context of the development of modern methods in the field of molecular genetics, as an important source of genetic information.

The Amerila syntomina complex, comprising four similar species from the African tropics, is circumscribed and reviewed on the basis of external features, characters of the genitalia and strong molecular evidence. Amerila alexandraesp. nov. is described from West Africa, along with the hitherto unknown female of A. syntomina and previously unstudied features of female genitalia of A. thermochroa. Amerila rubondoistat. nov. is found to be distinct from A. syntomina and upgraded to specific level. The study provides a first molecular analysis of moths of the genus Amerila, with comparisons of 90 mtCOI sequences that allowed to discriminate 20 described species of Amerila, including those representing the core subject of this work, namely A. alexandrae, A. rubondoi, A. syntomina, and A. thermochroa. The intra- and interspecific variation of these closely related species is analysed from morphological and genetic viewpoints.

The fruit flies of the genus Tephritis associated with the host plants of closely related asteraceous plant species of Cirsium and Carduus (Asteraceae: Cardueae: Carduinae) are revised. In particular, six species of this group known to occur in the western part of the Palaearctic Region are discussed in this article. Three of them, Tephritis conura (Loew 1844), T. hendelianaHering 1944, and T. hyoscyami (Linnaeus 1758) are widespread, predominantly European species. Two other ones, T. cardualisHardy 1974 from Pakistan and T. atokopteraAgarwal & Kapoor 1988 from India, were previously known mostly from the original descriptions and are redescribed here. Finally, T. anthraxsp. nov. from Caucasian and Transcaucasia mountains is described. Species are keyed and illustrated. New distribution records and host plants are reported.

Five new species and one new genus of the tribe Anacolini (Cerambycidae: Prioninae) are described from South America: Motilon hirsutumidusgen. et sp. nov. (Colombia), Oideterus tibiaprocerussp. nov. (Colombia), O. latithoraxsp. nov. (Colombia), and O. nigrumsp. nov. (Colombia), and Otheostethus impostor (Colombia and Ecuador). The key to the American genera of Anacolini is updated. Additionally, data on male morphology of Myzomorphus amabilis (Tippmann, 1960) is provided for the first time. Moreover, interesting color variabilities of Oideterus dichotomus (Galileo, 1987) and O. biraiGalileo et al. 2018 are described. Finally, Oideterus dichotomus is reported from Colombia for the first time.

The South American genus LycoplaterosPic, 1922 is revised. This genus is a member of the Eurrhacini clade, placed as a sister-group of Neolinoptes Nascimento & Bocakova, 2017. Lycoplateros can be differentiated from other Eurrhacini based on its characteristic pronotum and complex male genitalia, characterized by phallus presenting internal sac with a set of complex sclerites and slightly distorted ladle/hood-like phallobase. The two known species, L. mimicusPic, 1922 and L. diversipesPic, 1931 are redescribed, and eleven new species are proposed: L. delclaroisp. nov.; L. brasiliensissp. nov.; L. septentrionalissp. nov.; L. alvarengaisp. nov.; L. kaaporasp. nov.; L. eliasisp. nov.; L. mullerisp. nov.; L. constantinisp. nov.; L. nungarasp. nov.; L. bartolozziisp. nov., and L. flavescenssp. nov. All species are illustrated and an identification key is provided.

Lacconotopedilus pollockisp. nov., the first representative of its genus from the Guineo-Congolian lowland rainforests, is described and illustrated. Species checklist is provided.

Ischaliidae (Tenebrionoidea) is a small, relatively poorly known family of beetles, with fewer than 50 described species. The Coleoptera collections of the Natural History Museum, London are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world, but the Ischaliidae holding is relatively small (136 specimens, 18 species). However, this collection is of great historical and taxonomic importance, since 12 of the 18 species present are represented by name-bearing types, and five are still only known from the type material and have never been re-collected. We here provide an overview of the collection, and describe and illustrate an additional four species new to science, from Japan, I. (s. str.) akaishisp. nov., and West Malaysia, I. (s. str.) dohertyisp. nov., I. (s. str.) micropssp. nov., I. (s. str.) semaisp. nov.Ischalia (s. str.) caerulea Telnov, 2007 is redescribed and a lectotype is designated for the type species of the genus, I. indigaceaPascoe, 1860. Selected type specimens of Ischalia are illustrated for the first time.

Here we describe a new genus, Microphrixothrixgen. nov., and two new species, Michrophrixothrix gandarelasp. nov. and Michrophrixothrix kumagaiaesp. nov., both from Minas Gerais, Brazil. This new genus is distinguished by the following character combination: interantennal distance larger than scape length, antenna with eleven antennomeres, IV to X with two long symmetrical branches; mandible long, pointed forward; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, last segment digitiform; labial palpi 3-segmented: posterior tentorial pit consisting of a single small fossa; elytron medium, surpassing the fourth abdominal segment, 4× longer than wide; first and second tarsomere of protarsus, and first tarsomere of mesotarsus with a ventral comb as long as the tarsomere length; wing with radial cell closed and transverse, vein r4 interrupted; aedeagus with paramere asymmetrical, apex toothed, with a patch of bristles. We provide a key to Mastinocerinae genera with 11-segmented antennae as well as illustrations for the diagnostic features for this new genus and a key to its species. We discuss the asymmetry in the aedeagus of Phengodidae, recorded for three previously described genera (Brasilocerus Wittmer, 1963, Mastinocerus Solier, 1849 and Taximastinocerus Wittmer, 1963) and Microphrixothrixgen. nov. We advocate that this feature is caused either by a change in mating position or by a one-sided reduction to save space and resources.

The first-instar larva of Suphisellus rufipes (Sharp, 1882) (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is described and illustrated for the first time, including morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphus. This is the first detailed larval description for the genus Suphisellus Crotch, 1873. First-instar larvae of S. rufipes can be separated from those of Suphis Aubé, 1836 and Hydrocanthus Say, 1823 by the combination of an elongate body, posterior tentorial pits contiguous to occipital foramen, antennomere 4 approximately half the length of antennomere 3, inner margin of mandible serrate, siphon elongate and pointed, and urogomphi fused along inner margin. Regarding chaetotaxy, Suphisellus differs from Suphis and Hydrocanthus in the absence of setae AB5, AB6, AB7, AB8, AB14 and AB16, likely due to the strong modification of the siphon for underwater respiration, and in the shape of setae MX4, MX5 and MX6 on the maxillary stipes, and of setae LA3 and LA6 on the prementum.

Previously comprised of 12 species, this revision is based on examination of over 4,200 museum specimens of UlusHorn, 1870 collected throughout its range, encompassing North, Central, and South America. Lectotypes are designated for Blapstinus crassusLeConte, 1851, Ulus comatusChampion, 1893, Ulus elongatulusCasey, 1890, Ulus fimbriatusCasey, 1890, Ulus hirsutusChampion, 1885, Ulus maritimusCasey, 1890, and Ulus venezuelensisMarcuzzi, 1954 in order to clearly fix their taxonomic status. This study has revealed three new species: Ulus steineri Lumen & Smith, sp. nov. from Monahans Dunes, TX; U. paniculus Lumen & Smith, sp. nov. from Padre and Corpus Christi islands, TX; and U. guapo Lumen, Crowley, & Smith, sp. nov. from Guaymas, Sonora, MX, while at the same time uncovering variability within many taxa, resulting in seven synonomies: Ulus hirsutusChampion, 1885 (= U. elongatulussyn. nov.; = U. maritimussyn. nov.; = U. comatusChampion, 1893syn. nov.; = U. margaritensissyn. nov.; = U. venezuelensissyn. nov.); and Ulus obliquus (LeConte, 1866) (= U. fimbriatussyn. nov.; = U. latusBlaisdell, 1892syn. nov.). The fossil species Ulus minutusWhickham 1914 is placed as incertae sedis within Tenebrioninae Latreille, 1802, based on a lack of morphological data to confidently place the specimen within the tribe Opatrini Brullé, 1832, let alone the genus Ulus. A total of seven valid species are recognized in this study (U. crassus, U. guapo, U. hirsutus, U. lineatulus, U. obliquus, U. paniculus, U. steineri). Additionally, examination of female terminalia revealed all but two Ulus species (U. lineatulus and U. obliquus) possess sclerotized plates with spines in their bursa copulatrix.

The larval morphology of Cyptus ardoini (Pierre, 1972) (Opatrini: Ammobiina) is described and illustrated for the first time. Authors considered this Namibian species as closely related to Japanese Caedius maderi Kaszab, 1942 based on the unique fore legs structure. Interpretation of the character structure of the head capsule was presented based on the comparative analysis using micro computed tomography (micro-CT).