Eutobrilus godlewskiisp. nov. and Tobrilus gigassp. nov. are described and illustrated based on the material collected from Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia. The species Eutobrilus godlewskiisp. nov. morphologically is close to E. fortis (Tsalolikhin, 1972) and E. prodigiosusShoshin, 1988. From the former species it differs in the narrower labial region, longer outer labial setae, longer spicules and the absence of crystalloids. It differs from E. prodigiosus in the comparatively longer pharynx, another structure of stoma, longer spicules, another arrangement of precloacal supplements and the absence of crystalloids. Another new species, Tobrilus gigassp. nov. is the largest among valid species of the genus Tobrilus. Morphologically it is close to T. undophylusShoshin, 1988 and T. kamtschaticusGagarin, 2004. From the former species it differs by having a narrowed male body, longer outer labial setae and spicules. From T. kamtschaticus it differs in wider labial region, longer outer labial setae and spicules. This article presents two tables showing the morphological characteristics of males among valid species of the genus Eutobrilus and Tobrilus from Lake Baikal.

Basiria iranicasp. nov., recovered from the rhizospheric soil of pomegranate in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran, is described and illustrated based upon morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by its lateral fields composed of four incisures, with non areolated bands, lip region smooth and continuous with body contour, stylet 11–13 µm long, basal bulb pyriform to slightly cylindrical, V = 62 (60.3–63.3), tail elongate-conoid, tail tip pointed to filiform and males with 20 (19–21) µm long spicules. Morphologically, the new species comes close to B. berylla, B. duplexa, B. elegans, B. graminophila, B. hissariensis, B. khouzestanensis and B. paraobliqua. Morphological comparisons with these species are discussed. The sequence of the D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA gene for the new species was also used for molecular phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species in relation to representatives of the family Tylenchidae, obtained from Bayesian inference (BI) analysis of the D2–D3 sequences, are presented and discussed. The new species clusters in a subclade containing B. aberrans, three unidentified species of the genus Basiria and B. khouzestanensis with high support.

The pleasing lacewing subfamily Nallachiinae Navás, 1914 (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) is composed of two genera, i.e., Nallachius Navás, 1909 and NeonallachiusNakahara, 1963. Nallachius is endemic to the Americas, while Neonallachius is disjunctively distributed from southern Africa and Oriental Asia. Here we describe a new species of Neonallachius from Yunnan in southern China, namely Neonallachius sinuolatussp. nov. It represents the first record of Nallachiinae from China.

Two new species of the subgenus VestiplexBezzi, 1924 (genus Tipula Linnaeus, 1758), T. (V.) breviloba Men & Starkevich sp. nov. (Gansu province) and T. (V.) zhengkuni Men & Starkevich sp. nov. (Guizhou province) are described and illustrated. The taxonomy of the species groups of T. (V.) deserrata Alexander, 1934 and T. (V.) bicornigeraAlexander, 1938 is discussed. Tipula sexlobataAlexander, 1938 is placed within Vestiplex.

Two issid genera, IranodusDlabola, 1980 and CavatoriumDlabola, 1980, are redefined based on external morphological characters including male genitalia structure. A new genus, Irabolagen. nov., is erected to accommodate Hysteropterum repandumDlabola, 1981 (type species), Iranodus amygdalinusDlabola, 1980, and Cavatorium sarbazDlabola, 1980. As a result, following combinations are introduced: Irabola repanda (Dlabola, 1981), comb. nov., I. amygdalina (Dlabola, 1980), comb. nov., and I. sarbaz (Dlabola, 1980), comb. nov.Hysteropterum dumetorumDlabola, 1981 is transferred to the genus Cavatorium, with a new combination proposed – Cavatorium dumetorum (Dlabola, 1981), comb. nov. Illustrations of habitus and male genitalia are given for Cavatorium ardakanumDlabola, 1980, Irabola repanda (Dlabola, 1981), I. amygdalina (Dlabola, 1980), Iranodus khatunus (Dlabola, 1981), and I. transversalisDlabola, 1980.

Two new species of ricaniid planthopper Ricanoides (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) are described and illustrated: Ricanoides phiaoacensissp. nov. from Vietnam and Ricanoides srenoiensissp. nov. from Cambodia. Male and female external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated and discussed. Key for the identification of all species belonging to the genus based on male genital structures is given.

Protapanteles albigena Abdoli, Fernandez-Triana & Talebi sp. nov., (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) is described from Iran. The new species is fully illustrated and compared with other species in the Palaearctic region and with all previously described species of the genus Protapanteles worldwide with pale spot on gena.

Members of the Aphaenogaster splendida group are reviewed. We recognize 12 species, of which three are new: A. hamaensissp. nov. (Syria), A. peloponnesiacasp. nov. (continental Greece), and A. vohralikisp. nov. (Turkey). Species status is restored for Aphaenogaster schmitziForel, 1910stat. rev., and Aphaenogaster transcaucasicaKaravaiev, 1926stat. nov. is raised to the species rank. Aphaenogaster schmitziForel, 1910 is recognized as a senior synonym of Aphaenogaster schmitzi syriaForel, 1910syn. nov. and Aphaenogaster ovaticepsEmery, 1898 is recognizes as a senior synonym of Aphaenogaster muellerianaWolf, 1915syn. nov. Detailed descriptions, measurements, habitat and nesting preferences, and activity of workers of all 12 species are given. Keys to workers and known gynes, and photographs of all species and their known castes are presented.

The primary type specimens of all three species classified to date in PalpaenideaLaboissière, 1933 were examined. Palpaenidea labeonisLaboissière, 1933 is synonymized with P. facialis (Jacoby, 1895). The type locality of P. facialis is discussed. Palpaenidea pallipes (Fabricius, 1801) is transferred to SermyloidesJacoby, 1884 and synonymized with Sermyloides pallicornis (Fabricius, 1801). Having cavitous head and enlarged maxillary palps, Palpaenidea is very similar to Palpoxena Baly, 1861, but the structure of aedeagus and male last abdominal ventrite show Palpaenidea closely related to Cerophysa Chevrolat, 1836 and its allies.

An account of the Anthicidae (ant-like flower beetles) from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago (politically shared between Indonesia & Timor Leste) is presented for the first time. Thirteen species new to science are described and illustrated: Anthicomorphus badengsp. nov. (Bali), Anthicus (s. str.) miroshnikovisp. nov. (East Java, Lombok, Timor Leste), A. (s. str.) renschisp. nov. (Flores), Anthelephila anthophilasp. nov. (Timor Leste), A. barsevskisisp. nov. (Timor Island), A. nusatenggarasp. nov. (Lombok), A. tamborasp. nov. (Sumbawa), Macratria marusp. nov. (Pura Island, Alor Archipelago), Sapintus degiovanniisp. nov. (Timor Leste), Pseudotomoderus reidisp. nov. (Timor Leste), Tomoderus balianussp. nov. (Bali), T. dompusp. nov. (Sumbawa), and T. vulcanicussp. nov. (Lombok). Three new combinations (Floydwernerius bolmi (Uhmann, 1997) comb. nov. from Stricticomus Pic, 1894; Pseudocyclodinus denisonii (King, 1869) comb. nov. from PseudoleptaleusPic, 1900; Pseudocyclodinus dilutus (Pic, 1901) comb. nov. from Papuanthicus Telnov, 2006) are proposed, and three new synonyms (Anthicus bisbicinctus Marseul, 1886 = A. robustusPic, 1902syn. nov.; Nitorus bangi (Pic, 1895) = Anthicus mollinusKrekich-Strassoldo, 1930syn. nov., = A. thienemanniHeberdey, 1931syn. nov.) are proposed. New species records for Alor, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, and Yamdena are presented. An annotated bibliography and checklist of the Lesser Sunda Islands anthicids are presented. Comparative morphology of PseudocyclodinusTelnov, 2003 and Papuanthicus Telnov, 2006 is briefly discussed. The genus FloydwerneriusTelnov, 2003, previously considered restricted to the Australian Region, is reported from the Lesser Sunda Islands. In total, 50 species and subspecies of Anthicidae are confirmed for the Lesser Sunda Islands.

This paper reports the rediscovery of the type specimens (holotype and paratype) of Strix aluco volhyniaeDunajewski, 1948, a junior synonym of Strix aluco aluco Linnaeus, 1758. Previously thought to have been destroyed during the Second World War, the types were found in the collection of the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Additionally, this paper provides support for the availability of the name Strix aluco volhyniae, which was initially proposed as a new race.

There are several genetic studies of the grayling (Thymallus thymallus) in Central Europe, however, the phylogeography and genetic structure of the populations from some areas are still poorly recognized. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of genetic diversity and the history of the postglacial migration of the species in Poland. Biological samples were collected in seven rivers and one fish farm. All specimens were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. Moreover, the sequence of ND5 and control region mtDNA gene was determined. We found clear differences in genetic diversity among the investigated population, with the lowest values found for the fish farm (Rutki) and intensively exploited river (Płytnica), and the highest for coastal and submontane rivers (Vistula, Wisłok, San). Phylogenetic analysis based on mtDNA suggests the presence of two postglacial colonization waves of grayling in Poland: (I) from the refugium of the Danube; (II) the Atlantic Basin. Currently, managing the populations on the European scale should involve stocking populations with the materials obtained from fish caught in the same rivers taking into account both environmental factors and rational angling. Stocking plans should consider local populations whose mixing will reduce the heterozygosity of the population without affecting the genetic pool.