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Le voyageur arabe Abū l-Ḥāmid al-Ġarnaṭī (1080-1169) a voyagé en Méditerranée, au Proche-Orient et au nord de la mer Noire, dans le courant du xiie siècle, pour finalement mettre par écrit ses observations sous la forme de deux ouvrages – une cosmographie et un récit – dans lesquels il relate de manières différentes les choses extraordinaires aperçues lors de ses pérégrinations. Parmi celles-ci figure un grand nombre d'animaux peu connus ou au comportement « étrange». Si le voyageur nomme l'animal selon les informateurs locaux et le décrit morphologiquement selon ses propres observations, il n'hésite pas à le titiller pour le faire réagir et bouger, comme il peut aller jusqu'à le tuer et à l'ouvrir pour en décrire les organes internes. Il lui arrive aussi de toucher la peau, de goûter ou de sentir certaines parties de l'animal afin d'en livrer le goût ou l'odeur. D'autres sont simplement vus et décrits, et quelques-uns ne sont connus que par ouï-dire. Parmi la quarantaine d'animaux identifiables et dignes de sa curiosité expérimentale, la plupart appartiennent au milieu méditerranéen et aquatique plutôt qu'au monde terrestre.
Poking, handling and observing animals in Abū l-Ḥāmid al-Ġarnāṭī (d. 1169).
The Arab traveller Abū l-Ḥāmid al-Ġarnaṭī (1080-1169) travelled through the Mediterranean, the Near East and the northern Black Sea during the twelfth century, eventually writing down his observations in two books, a cosmography and a narrative, in which he recounts in different ways the extraordinary things he saw. These include a large number of little-known animals or animals with “strange” behaviours. While the traveller names the animal according to local informants and describes it morphologically according to his own observations, he goes as far as to tickle it to make it react and move, or even killing and cutting it open to describe its internal “organs”. He also touches the skin, tastes or smells certain parts of the animal in order to reveal its taste or smell. Others are simply seen and described, and some are known only by hearsay. Most of the forty identifiable animals worthy of his experimental curiosity, belong to the Mediterranean and aquatic realms rather than the land animals.
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