In this study, two new tetrablemmid species are described from both sexes, Ablemma unicornis sp. n. from Malaysia and Tetrablemma magister sp. n. from Australia. Males of A. unicornis sp. n. are distinguished from all other Ablemma species by the position of a tooth on the carapace behind the eye group and by the shape of the palpal bulb. Females of A. unicornis sp. n. are distinguished from most other Ablemma species by the profile of the carapace in lateral view and by the narrow eye field in proportion to the carapace width. Males of T. magister sp. n. are distinguished from most other Tetrablemma species by the shape of the palpal bulb and females by the rounded profile of the carapace in lateral view. Aspects of the sex-linked characters in both species and leg modifications in the male of A. unicornis sp. n. are discussed.

The natural prey of the jumping spider Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1776) was studied in different microhabitats on Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. The percentage of specimens of P. chrysops found while feeding was low in most microhabitats (<10%). However, on a wall near a food refuse dump the percentage of spiders found in possession of prey was significantly higher than in other microhabitats, probably related to a high abundance of potential prey at this site. Investigation has shown that P. chrysops is a polyphagous predator, with representatives of ten arthropod orders found in its diet. The primary food of P. chrysops was Diptera, which accounted for half of the total prey (50.2%). An especially high proportion of dipterans was recorded in the diet of spiders inhabiting the stone wall, where they were the only significant prey type. Diptera was also among the dominant prey groups of P. chrysops in other types of microhabitat, except for bare ground at Shagan. However, in these microhabitats some other arthropod orders, such as Araneae, Coleoptera, Homoptera, and Hymenoptera, contributed comparable portions to the diet of spiders. The length of prey killed by P. chrysops ranged between 0.65 and 20.00 mm (mean 4.03 mm) and constituted from 8.1 to 266.7% (mean 58.1%) of the length of their captors. The most frequently captured were small arthropods not exceeding half the length of their captors (57.6%), followed by medium-sized prey (from 50–100% of spider body length) (27.2%), and large prey exceeding the length of the spiders (15.2%). This tendency was characteristic of spiders in all microhabitats, except for shrubs, where medium-sized prey predominated.

The authors describe the previously unknown male of Enoplognatha almeriensis Bosmans & Van Keer from Spain. New records in Spain and the first record from Portugal are presented.

New faunistic data on the Opiliones of Israel are provided. A total of five species of the families Nemastomatidae and Phalangiidae are (re)described. Two species, Phalangium venustum sp. n. (♂♀) and Opilio setipenis sp. n. (♂♀), are described as new.

We studied the structure and placement of retreats of the tarantula Ephebopus murinus (Walckenaer, 1837) in the field in French Guiana. We found that early-instar spiderlings construct above-ground silken tubular retreats among low vegetation, and shifted to a fossorial lifestyle when subadult. Discriminant analysis of microhabitat variables associated with each class of retreat demonstrated that each was predicted by different habitat features. The location of above-ground retreats was predicted by the presence of the terrestrial bromeliad Bromelia spp., whereas leaf-litter predicted the placement of the burrows. This is one of the few examples of an ontogenetic habitat shift (OHS) in a spider. OHS has been suggested to fulfill an ecological function by reducing cannibalism and intraspecific competition. Ephebopus is a fossorial tarantula genus in an otherwise arboreal subfamily. Because of this we suggest that the fossorial lifestyle of subadult/adult E. murinus has evolved secondarily, with the arboreal habit of the early instars reflecting the ancestral habit. This would be a case where phylogeny, and not ecology, explains OHS.