Species of Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) are known to be interfertile, and numerous artificial crosses have been deliberately produced, or arose spontaneously in cultivation where species are grown together. Natural hybrids between species that co-occur are also known. The inheritance of characters in Kalanchoe ‘Vivien’ Bischofberger, a cultivar based on an interspecific hybrid between two southern African species (K. luciae Raym.-Hamet × K. sexangularis N.E.Br.) is discussed. An amplified description is provided for K. ‘Vivien'.

A new subspecies of Loxanthocereus hoxeyi (G.Charles) Lodé is described. The stems of the new subspecies are significantly larger and thicker than Loxanthocereus hoxeyi subsp. hoxeyi, growing upright to 40cm tall and 6cm wide. The plants are solitary or offset sparingly from the base. It also appears to be self-fertile which Loxanthocereus hoxeyi subsp. hoxeyi is not.

A new cliff-dwelling Gasteria, Gasteria camillae van Jaarsv. & Molteno, is described. This species is indigenous to the eastern portion of the Baviaanskloof mountain range, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. G. camillae has certain similarities to G. glauca, but differs in being caulescent, with smaller rosettes and a smooth (not tuberculate) leaf surface that is apparent in both juvenile and adult specimens. It shares other characteristics with G. rawlinsonii. However, among other distinctive characters, it differs in its smooth, keeled leaves that are more densely arranged in rosettes, rather than in a distichous or spiro-distichous arrangement. Within the genus, G. camillae is most appropriately assigned to section Gasteria, series Gasteria.

Gasteria visserii van Jaarsv. is named as new from plants in Peter Berend's collection, Stellenbosch. The habitat and ecology of this and other related species are also discussed.

The chorology of Aeonium sedifolium (Webb ex Bolle) Pitard & Proust is clarified. This species has never been found in San Jacobi, Gran Canaria, as reported by Pitard & Proust, who confused San Jacobi with Santiago and Gran Canaria with Tenerife. In the Appendix, the year of publication of Pitard & Proust's Les Iles Canaries. Flore de l'archipel is shown to be 1908.

Botanical surveys undertaken in Central and Northern Tunisia (North Africa), mostly between 2012 and 2018, have revealed first records and/or new distributional records for non-native succulents (sensu lato) belonging to the Cactaceae family. Some can be considered naturalised or even potentially invasive [e.g. Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.], whereas others are here reported for the first time for North Africa, either as recently naturalised or casual, e.g.: Echinopsis eyriesii (Turpin) Zuccarini, Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck, O. lindheimeri Engelm., O. monacantha Haw and O. robusta J.C. Wendl. ex Pfeiff. Short descriptions are given for each of these species, comments on their actual status were pointed out and field photographs are provided.

Browningia macracantha is recognized as a species in the form of a recombination of Ritter's Gymnanthocereus. Browningia altissima, macracantha, pilleifera and utcubambensis from northern Peru are compared here. Browningia macracantha grows not only near El Chagual on the Rio Marañón but also along the entire Rio Crisnejas.

Zusammenfassung: Browningia macracantha wird in Form der Umkombination von Ritters Gymnanthocereus als Art anerkannt. Browningia altissima, macracantha, pilleifera und utcubambensis aus Nordperu werden verglichen. Browningia macracantha wächst neben dem Typstandort nahe El Chagual am Rio Marañón auch entlang des gesamten Rio Crisnejas.

Echinopsis atacamensis ssp. atacamensis is a columnar cactus from the western slopes of the high Andes of northern Chile. As for other species of the family, water is primarily stored in the succulent cortex of the stems. Repeat observations during the years 2016–2018 include an extremely long dry period and an extremely wet summer showed that the fraction of utilizable water (UW) in the stem is at least 53% of the maximum storage capacity. The observation of longitudinal ruptures in the rib furrows questions the usefulness of saturated water content (SWC) as a measure of water storage capacity.

We formally describe Echeveria coppii Moran ex Gideon F.Sm. & Bischofberger (Crassulaceae), from Sinaloa, Mexico, a species that was known to both Reid V. Moran and Charles H. Uhl, two students of the Crassulaceae. Already 50 years ago Moran prepared a specimen and produced a description of this plant but never published it. Echeveria coppii has its elliptic-lanceolate to oblong leaves arranged in rosettes carried at the apex of stems that can reach a length of 60cm. The species has red flowers and the leaves are reddish brown. Along with only two other species, E. affinis E.Walther and E. craigiana E.Walther, E. coppii belongs in E. ser. Occidentales Moran.

Collections of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) made by Friedrich Wilms (1848–1919) are analysed. The identity of material described as Aloe wilmsii Diels ex Hausen about 120 years ago is clarified. This long-overlooked name belongs in the synonymy of Aloe arborescens Mill. The original specimens, also collected by Wilms, on which the names A. affinis A.Berger and A. cinnabarina Diels ex A.Berger are based, are discussed. Lectotypes are designated for A. wilmsii, A. affinis, and A. cinnabarina. Biographical information is provided on Wilms who is commemorated in the specific epithet of Aloe wilmsii.

The natural hybrid between Aloe africana Mill. and A. ferox Mill. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), which is common in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa where the natural geographical distribution ranges of these two species overlap, is described as Aloe ×eileeniae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo.

The name Kalanchoe ×hummeliae Gideon F.Sm. is published for the hybrid between K. beharensis Drake and K. millotii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae). A selection of this hybrid was previously described as a cultivar, K. ‘Fern Leaf’ H.Johnson.

The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) are reviewed. We do not recognise infraspecific taxa in K. gastonis-bonnieri. The name K. adolphi-engleri Raym.-Hamet, a synonym of K. gastonis-bonnieri, is here lectotypified. Biographical information is provided on Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier (1853–1922), who is little known in succulent plant systematics. Bonnier, who for most of his professional career was attached to the Université de Paris-Sorbonne, France, was a leading French botanist in the late-1800s and early-1900s.

Dr. Franz Meyen (1804–1840), a physician and naturalist undertook a voyage around the world in the years 1830–1832 on board the Prussian vessel “Prinzess Louise”. Based on this journey he described numerous plants including four species of cacti. These species along with a fifth described later by Louis Pfeiffer based on Meyen's account are discussed and illustrated based on recent visits to the localities recorded by Meyen. Cereus fascicularis a name of uncertain application, although the type of the genus Weberbauerocereus and hence of significant nomenclatural importance, is dealt with and a theory as to its true identity proposed. A new combination in the genus Cumulopuntia is also proposed based on the long overlooked name Pereskia glomerata.

During a diverse research and professional career, Raymond-Hamet (25 March 1890 [Dijon, Côte D'Or, France]–2 October 1972 [Paris, France]) was, inter alia, an international expert on the genus Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae). At the age of 15 he published his first new species of Kalanchoe, and at the age of 18 he had already published a comprehensive revision of the genus, replete with the citation of virtually all the literature available on the genus at the time, as well as a voluminous exsiccata held by and derived from numerous herbaria. Over a period of 57 years Raymond-Hamet described and reclassified more than 60 species of Kalanchoe, mostly from Madagascar but some also from other parts of the world, and additionally proposed several new names in the genus that were later validly published by other researchers. An analysis and appreciation of Raymond-Hamet's work on Kalanchoe, including of the species he described and reclassified in the genus are provided. The new combination Kalanchoe beauverdii Raym.-Hamet var. juelii (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo was recently published after a previous attempt by Rauh & Hebding, in 1995, was not successful. The name K. juelii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier, basionym of Kalanchoe beauverdii var. juelii, was typified when the combination was made.

The contributions made by Flávio Ferreira Pinto de Resende (1907–1967), who, for most of his career, was based at the University of Lisbon, in Lisbon, Portugal, to succulent plant research in the mid-1900s, especially in the Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae and Crassulaceae, are recorded and discussed. Biographical information on Resende is provided, as well as a bibliography of a large selection of his publications, especially on succulents. The nomenclatural novelties he described are tabulated with an indication of their current taxonomic status. Aloe striatula Haw. f. conimbricensis Resende, which dates from 1943, is typified and formally synonimised under Aloiampelos striatula var. caesia (Reynolds) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. The nothospecies name Haworthiopsis ×coarctatoides Resende & Viveiros ex Gideon F.Sm. & Vasc.Silva is published.

This study has two main objectives: a) to provide, for the first time, a detailed description of the macro- and micromorphology of Opuntia joconostle based on collected specimens; and b) to generate a first phylogenetic analysis, which will help to resolve the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of this species.

Although New Zealand has an extremely small indigenous succulent flora, it more than makes up for it by having a significant number of adventive species, covering a wide spread of genera. Most were imported intentionally as garden plants, subsequently escaping into the wild. Growing conditions are often so favourable that succulents frequently spread rapidly, forming much more extensive colonies than those in their native habitats. This paper details the environmental and ecological background to the occurrence of casual and naturalised succulent plants in New Zealand together with an account of those found on a visit to the country in December 2018. A current list of all succulent plants recorded as being found in New Zealand in the wild is also included.

A new nothospecies belonging to the Crassulaceae was discovered by one of the authors (MM) near the Garda Lake (Trentino, Italy). Study of the plant in the field and in cultivation for some years has enabled us to ascertain that this plant belongs to the nothogenus ×Sedeveria. The nothospecies, not yet described, is the result of putative hybridization between Echeveria agavoides Lem. and Sedum cfr. pachyphyllum Rose, and the new name ×Sedeveria mauroi is now proposed. Like its parents, this hybrid is able to propagate itself easily, through new plantlets growing from leaves detached from the stem, while no seed production has been observed. ×Sedeveria mauroi is treated as naturalized.

The seeds of all the taxa of the genus Lithops N.E.Br. are hereby described following their study by both digital dissection microscope and scanning electron microscopy. This information is used together with all other taxonomically important data to suggest the best possible classification for the genus. As a consequence of this new information, L. bella, L. dendritica and L. eberlanzii are reinstated as full species whilst four varieties are elevated to subspecies status. The varieties of L. karasmontana are no longer recognised except for var. aiaisensis which is transferred to L. eberlanzii due to its identical seeds. L. dendritica now comprises of four subspecies, all of which have seeds vastly different from L. pseudotruncatella, under which they were formerly classified.

Othonna koos-bekkeri is a new shrubby Othonna from the mountains of the western escarpment in the Northern Cape. It is immediately recognized by its ascending rod-like stems and lateral ascending spreading spur-shoots and sub-umbellate yellow flower heads, the latter flowering during autumn when the plants are leafless. In the past, it was often confused with Othonna arbuscula, a smaller species widespread in the Succulent Karoo Biome.

The cacti found at the Catimbau National Park in Pernambuco state, Brazil, are listed and the phytogeographical significance of the park is highlighted. Two new subspecies are described and the existence of three interspecific hybrids recorded. However, there exist conservation issues in this theoretically protected area.

For three species of Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), A. canis S.Lane, A. suffulta Reynolds, and A. lateritia Engl., which are rare in Malawi, detailed habitat information is given to facilitate their recollection in that country. Aloe canis, a Malawian endemic, was observed at three localities in the 1970s by T.P. Campbell-Barker and published as new by S. Lane in 1991; it now may be extinct in the wild in Malawi but, as far as we could ascertain, has persisted ex situ as a single plant in cultivation. Aloe suffulta from Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and South Africa was collected in Malawi only once in the 1970s by T.P. Campbell-Barker, and A. lateritia from Kenya and Tanzania only twice during 1967–68 by B.J. Hargreaves, and in 1991 by P. Downs (†). These collections of A. suffulta and A. lateritia were not supported by preserved specimens.

The population structure and the establishment microsites of the Agave offoyana populations in Lomas de Galindo and the Pan de Matanzas were studied. These occur in a xeromorphic thorny thicket on serpentine and in a mesophytic semi-deciduous forest on calcium carbonate rocks, respectively. Five levels of rosette diameter for the age structure were considered and the density and spatial distribution of the individuals were evaluated. Microsites were compared with and without juveniles in terms of number of juveniles, number of leaves and length of major leaf, distance from other herbs, trees, shrubs, and other Agave species (larger than 1m in diameter) and Leptocereus scopulophilus, plus density, percentage of rockiness, bare soil, litter layer and lighting. The relationship between these variables with the presence or absence of juveniles in the microsites was evaluated, as well as their estimated probability. In Lomas de Galindo, middle class individuals predominate; while in the Pan de Matanzas those over 1m, with little representation of intermediate categories. In both populations there is an aggregate pattern of spatial arrangement and similar densities. The juveniles were found on the ground in Lomas de Galindo and in the hollows of the rocks in the Pan de Matanzas, so the availability of microsites seems not to limit recruitment. Germination and establishment is capable of occurring anywhere, independent of nurse plants or any other associated factor.

Bulbine keiskammaensis (Asphodelaceae) which is endemic to sheer rock faces of the lower Keiskamma River, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, is described (Figure 1). Its pendent stems up to 250mm long with a persistent network of purplish leaf bases and linear lanceolate, acuminate leaves of up to 450mm long (of which the margin is smooth) are faintly striate and green. The description of this taxon forms part of an extensive survey of cliff-dwelling succulent and bulbous-succulent taxa in South Africa and Namibia. A table is provided with a selection of characters of similar broad-leaved species of Bulbine in the Eastern Cape. A key is also provided to the cliff-dwelling Bulbine species of the summer rainfall parts of South Africa.