Type species

Wallabicoris ozothamni, new species.

Diagnosis

Recognized by the relatively large size and robust body form, and by the structural details of the male and female genitalia: endosoma with a deep subproximal bend, but never forming a coil, the heavier (primary) strap terminating in an acute apex extending well beyond the secondary gonopore, a narrow (secondary), sometimes bifurcating or incomplete, strap connecting proximal end of secondary gonopore with body of endosoma; phallotheca L-shaped, apical portion about same length as basal portion, always with broad transparent “window” extending over apical half of posterior surface; left paramere variously developed, frequently greatly elongate, always rowboat shaped and with an elongate posterior process and a sclerotized, triangular anterior process; right paramere weakly to conspicuously elongate, sometimes nearly parallel sided, apically with a short fingerlike process. Overall appearance similar to many Plagiognathus Fieber species (Schuh, 2001: figs. 5–14); coloration often pale to yellow, sometimes with a few to many distinct red spots on a pale background (pls. 1–5). Narrow secondary strap of endosoma (e.g., figs 1–7) similar to that found in Xiphoides Eyles and Schuh (2003) from New Zealand and an undescribed myrmecomorphic taxon from northwestern Argentina. Partial narrow secondary strap also found in an undescribed Australian taxon near Xiphoides used as an outgroup in the present phylogenetic analysis, but endosoma always forming a distinct coil in Xiphoides and the last taxon and the right paramere in those taxa always with a conspicuous, long, fingerlike process apically (Eyles and Schuh, 2003: figs. 186, 189, 198, 201). Australian taxon near Xiphoides with a variously shaped projection arising from the endosoma at the distal end of the secondary gonopore.

Figure 2

Wallabicoris cassisi, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00090286).

Figure 3

Wallabicoris chrysocephali, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00097768).

Figure 4

Wallabicoris commoni, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00168796).

Figure 5

Wallabicoris coolabah, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00168795).

Figure 6

Wallabicoris craspedii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00089293).

Figure 7

Wallabicoris cuneotinctus, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00194205).

Description

Male: Body elongate, ovate to parallel sided, total length 3.65–6.67. COLORATION (pls. 1–5): Often pale to yellow, sometimes with a few to many distinct red spots on a pale background, rarely with solid areas of red and green. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 8B, 14B, 20B, 24C, 31B, 35B, 39B, 41B, 47B): Dorsum smooth, at most weakly shining, usually with reclining simple setae matching background coloration; dorsum, with or without some sericeous or woolly setae, sometimes with black bristlelike setae, especially on pronotum. STRUCTURE: Head (pls. 1–5; figs. 8A, 14A, 20A, 24A, 27A, 31A, 35A, 39A, 41A, 47A): Frequently transverse and barely projecting beyond anterior margin of eye; sometimes elongate and weakly to moderately projecting beyond eye when viewed from above; in lateral view eyes occupying 0.60%–0.85% of height of head. Labium: Elongate, slender, extending from base of abdomen to well onto pygophore. Antennae: Segment 1 short, constricted basally, segment 2 elongate, slender and parallel sided, segments 3 and 4 about one-half diameter of segment 2. Thorax: Pronotum ranging from nearly flat to strongly sloping anteriorly; metathoracic scent gland evaporatory area typical of Phylinae (figs. 8C, 14C, 20C, 24B, 27B, 31C, 35C, 39C, 41C, 47C). Legs: Claws elongate, slender, not significantly broadened at base, smoothly curving to sharply angulate; pulvilli moderately fleshy, covering from one-third to one-half of ventral surface of claw; parempodia setiform (figs. 8D, 20D, 24D, 27C, 31D, 35D, 39D, 41D, 47D). Abdomen (figs. 8E, 14D, 24F, 31E): Broad basally, weakly tapering toward pygophore. GENITALIA (e.g., figs. 1–7): Pygophore: Weakly elongate, deep, not tapered toward apex (figs. 14E, 20E, 27E, 35E, 39E, 41E, 47E). Endosoma: With a deep subproxial bend, but never forming a coil, the broader (primary) strap (fig. 1) terminating in an acute apex extending well beyond the secondary gonopore, a slender (secondary), sometimes bifurcating or incomplete strap (fig. 1) connecting proximal end of secondary gonopore with the body of endosoma. Phallotheca: L-shaped, apical portion about same length as basal portion, always with a broad transparent “window” on posterior surface (fig. 1) extending from basal region to near apex. Left Paramere: Variously developed, frequently greatly elongate, always rowboat shaped and with an elongate posterior process and a sclerotized, triangular anterior process; base of posterior process sometimes conspicuously elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Weakly to conspicuously elongate, sometimes nearly parallel sided, apically with a short fingerlike process.

Figure 8

Wallabicoris dicrastyli, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on corium adjacent to claval suture. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in lateroventral view. E. Abdomen in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view. he  =  height eye; hg  =  height gula; lp  =  left paramere; mts  =  mesothoracic spiracle; mtses  =  metathoracic scent-efferent system; par  =  parempodium; phl  =  phallotheca; plv  =  pulvillus; rp  =  right paramere (AMNH_PBI 00135694).

Female: Elongate ovoid, usually more distinctly so than male, total length 3.71–5.70 (pls. 1–5). COLORATION: As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUCTURE: Head: Eyes smaller than in male, interocular distance greater; in lateral view eyes occupying a smaller proportion of height of head than in male. Labium: As in male. Antennae: Segment 2 elongate, more slender than in male, slightly increasing in diameter distally. Thorax: As in male. GENITALIA (fig. 33): Posterior wall folded longitudinally on either side of midline, elevated and bearing projections posteriorly (fig. 33), as part of longitudinal folding of wall; posterior wall with distinct outpocketing (swelling) posterolaterally. Vestibular sclerites moderately sclerotized, moderately elongate, exit folded back toward entrance. Sclerotized rings widely separated, weakly infolded laterally.

Etymology

A fanciful name derived from wallaby, the widespread Australian marsupial, and the Greek coris, “bug.” Originally coined as a manuscript name by the late J.C.M. Carvalho, who applied it to a small sample of specimens as part of his studies of the Australia Miridae with the late Gordon F. Gross, in the early 1980s.

Hosts

Known to breed primarily on the plant families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Rhamnaceae, based on the collection of adult and nymphal specimens. Evidence for breeding also exists for plants in the families Boraginaceae, Fabaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Thymelaeaceae, but for lesser numbers of Wallabicoris spp.

Distribution (maps 1–4)

Broadly distributed on the southern half of the Australian continent, but with the preponderance of known species recorded from the floristically rich southwest.

Discussion

Characters Supporting the Monophyly of Wallabicoris: Wallabicoris spp. are large to very large within the context of Australian Phylinae and their external morphology is therefore relatively easy to study. It is the male and female genitalia, however, that allow for recognition of a monophyletic group. Whereas the male genitalia are relatively simple, they do possess features distinctive within the Phylinae. They also share some features with other taxa from Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina. Most of the structural features discussed below may be found in a similar form in taxa other than Wallabicoris. Nonetheless, taken together these characters present a strong argument for the monophyly of the genus.

Form of narrow secondary strap of endosoma: A narrow (secondary) endosomal strap is seen in Wallabicoris (fig. 1), Xiphoides from New Zealand, six species of an undescribed genus near Xiphoides (Weirauch and Schuh, in press) from southernmost Australia, and an undescribed myrmecomorphic taxon from northwestern Argentina (Weirauch and Schuh, in press). This narrow strap is almost always long in Wallabicoris, usually with a submedial undulation (e.g., figs. 1–6), although more rarely it is bifurcating (fig. 7) or incomplete (fig. 36). The strap in Xiphoides is also long, but never has the submedial undulation or other modifications, and extends beyond the proximal end of the gonopore rather than being attached to it. The myrmecomorphic Argentine species is structurally similar to many Wallabicoris spp., in that the secondary strap is complete and attached proximally to the secondary gonopore, although it lacks the medial undulation. In the undescribed Australian group near Xiphoides the distance between the origin of the strap and the secondary gonopore is much shorter and never with an undulation or bifurcation; also there is a long gonopore sclerite (Stonedahl, 1990).

Coiling of the endosoma: All Wallabicoris spp. have a strong U-shaped bend in the proximal section of the endosoma (e.g., figs. 1–7). In other genera that might be thought to show a relationship on the basis of the narrow secondary strap, the most similar form of the endsoma is found in the undescribed myrmecomorphic taxon from Argentina mentioned above; in the other previously mentioned taxa from Australia and New Zealand the endosoma always forms a single coil (Eyles and Schuh, 2003: fig. 201), a condition never seen in Wallabicoris.

Phallotheca: Wallabicoris spp. always have a transparent “window” in the phallotheca (e.g., figs. 1–7). This condition is seen in other taxa with the narrow secondary strap only in the undescribed myrmecomorphic taxon from Argentina. The phallotheca in some Xiphoides sp. has a fingerlike projection on the dorsal surface (Eyles and Schuh, 2003: fig. 200), a feature not generally found in taxa of Phylinae outside the Pilophorini (Schuh, 1984), although see Bisulcopsallus Schuh, Ceratopsallus Schuh, and Stictopsallus Schuh in the North American Phymatopsallus group (Schuh, 2006b).

Left paramere: The left paramere is sometimes much more elongate in Wallabicoris spp. than in most other Phylinae, a feature that can be appreciated in undissected specimens by observing the distance the paramere projects beyond the margin of the pygophore (figs. 7, 9, 27F, 28). The attribute is not unique to the group, however, as is evident from the examination of Moiseevichia leyserae Schuh from South Africa (Schuh, 2006a: figs. 3, 12), which has a greatly elongate left paramere. There appears to be no single structural detail in the left paramere that can be used to diagnose Wallabicoris.

Figure 9

Wallabicoris dicrastyli, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00132112).

Right paramere: The right paramere is likewise devoid of characteristics obviously distinctive to Wallabicoris. It is usually conspicuously elongate, sometimes parallel sided over much of its length (e.g., figs. 1–7), and appearing flattened (fig. 41F), features seen in a similar form in members of the Phymatopsallus group from North America (Schuh, 2006b) and in Moiseevichia. Nonetheless, Xiphoides and the undescribed taxon near Xiphoides have a right paramere of a very different conformation from that of Wallabicoris, with a broadly ovoid body and a strongly attenuated fingerlike apical process (e.g., Eyles and Schuh, 2003: figs. 170, 179, 186).

Posterior wall of female: Our still-limited survey of female genitalia in the Phylinae, and more particularly the Australian Phylinae, suggests that aspects of the structural details seen in the posterior wall in Wallabicoris may be distinctive to the group of Australian genera. Our comments on these—and other female genitalic structures—are based on dissections of the following species: W. ozothamni, W. pinocchii, W. pityrodii, W. pultenaei (fig. 33), W. spyridii, and W. waitzii and a number of yet to be described taxa. Schuh (1974) pointed out that the Pilophorini uniquely possess an evagination dorsally along the posterior margin of the posterior wall, a feature that he treated as synapomorphic for the group. Outside of Australia, current knowledge of female genitalic structures suggests that the posterior wall is simple, although it may be ornamented with fields of spicules and may have embedded in it variously developed interramal sclerites. Nonetheless, as shown by Weirauch (2007), the posterior wall in some Australian Phylinae, especially Exocarpocoris Weirauch, may be more elaborately ornamented. In Wallabicoris the posterior wall is folded longitudinally on either side of the midline and bears projections posteriorly (fig. 33). These structures are in some ways reminiscent of the dorsal lobes of the interramal sclerites (Forero, 2008: fig. 8; K structures of Slater, 1950; interramal lobes of Schwartz, 2004) seen in the Orthotylini (see also Schaffner and Schwartz, 2008: fig. 19). The resemblance of these structures in the two groups would appear to be superficial, however, as the dorsal lobes in the Orthotylini, according to Forero (2008) and Schaffner and Schwartz, 2008), result from a medial evagination on the posterior margin of the interramal sclerites, whereas in Wallabicoris, and at least some other Australian Phylinae, they arise from longitudinal folding of the wall. In addition to the longitudinal folds, the posterior wall also exhibits distinct outpocketing posterolaterally (fig. 33).

Vestibular sclerites in female: It is now well known that many genera of Phylinae possess heavily sclerotized, and sometimes morphologically elaborate, vestibular sclerites (e.g., Henry and Schuh, 1979; Wyniger, 2006; Pluot-Sigwalt and Matocq, 2006; Schuh, 2006b). These sclerites (what M.D. Schwartz [personal commun.] believes to be elaborately modified internal invaginations of the left first gonapophysis) are moderately sclerotized and usually moderately elongate in Wallabicoris (fig. 33), as might be predicted by the length of the endosoma, if indeed the lengths of the endosoma and the vestibular sclerites are correlated, as suggested by Pluot and Matocq (2006). It is not clear that there are any unique aspects of structure in the vesitubular sclerites in Wallabicoris.

Wallabicoris baldersoni, new species

Figure 1; map 4; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 1), the large size, with a mean total length of 5.85, and the structure of the male genitalia, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation and the left paramere relatively short, with an elevated shoulder on the posterior process, closed over most of the dorsal surface, and only weakly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose (fig. 1). Host unknown. Somewhat smaller than the similarly colored Asteraceae-feeding W. schwartzi, somewhat larger than the Asteraceae-feeding W. helichrysi, W. olearii, and W. ozothamni, as well as the Lamiaceae-feeding W. dicrastyli; significantly larger than the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri. Potentially confused with pale specimens of W. rutidosi, but that species smaller, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.69–6.06, ratio l/w  =  3.60. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron unicolorous pale; membrane unicolorous pale, veins white, extreme base unicolorous with remainder; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.72; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.40; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 1): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.00; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike, with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.75; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for J. Balderson, CSIRO, Canberra, the collector of the only known specimens.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Known only from the type locality in the southeastern part of the Nullarbor Plain, South Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 mi ESE of Ooldea, 30.463°S 131.852°E, 03 Oct 1968, Key, Upton & Balderson, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00168785) (ANIC).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 mi ESE of Ooldea, 30.463°S 131.852°E, 03 Oct 1968, Key, Upton & Balderson, 3♂ (00168788–00168790) (AMNH), 4♂ (00168783–00168784, 00168786–00168787) (ANIC).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 1 mi ESE of Ooldea, 30.463°S 131.852°E, 03 Oct 1968, Key, Upton & Balderson, 1♂ (00168782) (ANIC).

Wallabicoris cassisi, new species

Figure 2; map 1; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 1), the moderate size, with a mean total length of 4.45, the head distinctly projecting beyond the anterior margin of the eyes, ratio head width/head length 2.99, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma erect, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a short submedial twist and the left paramere relatively short, without a shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 2), and only weakly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose. Breeds on Dicrastylis sp., Lachnostachys sp., and Newcastelia sp. (Lamiaceae). Smaller than the similarly colored Lamiaceae-feeding W. newcastelii and W. prostantheri and the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii; larger that the Lamiaceae-feeding W. lachnostachyos and W. paradicrastyli. Smaller than all of the chalk-white Asteraceae-feeding species. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species slightly larger, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 4.25–4.65, ratio l/w  =  3.02. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron unicolorous pale; membrane unicolorous pale, extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale; antennal segment 1 with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with black setae intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  2.99; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.50; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium very long, reaching well onto pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 2): Endosoma: Base short, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap short apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.40; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.71; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for Gerasimos Cassis in recognition of his efforts in the field and the contributions he has made to our knowledge of Wallabicoris.

Hosts

Recorded from Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz., Lachnostachys coolgardiensis S. Moore (pl. 9A), and Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (pl. 8D), all from the Chloanthaceae section of the Lamiaceae.

Distribution (map 1)

Known from the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

The known distribution of W. cassisi corresponds closely with the distributions of its known hosts in the Goldfields-Kalbarri region of Western Australia. We have found it impossible to distinquish between the females of W. cassisi and W. newcastelii from certain collecting events and have therefore not treated these specimens as paratypes.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00133136) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 24 km W of Sandstone, 28.01426°S 119.0474°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys coolgardiensis S. Moore (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05095174, 1♂ (00181909) (UNSW). 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff, 13♂ (00090282–00090294) (AM), 35♂ (00133108–00133135, 00133137–00133138, , 00133140–00133143, 00133145–00133146) (AMNH), 9♂ (00090295–00090302, 00133139) (WAMP). 79 km W of Sandstone, 28.03737°S 118.4983°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, 1♂ (00090908) (AM). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.64166°S 114.4569°E, 450 m, 28 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120500, 1♂ (00090076) (AM), 1♂ (00135875) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff, 7♀ (00133182–00133188) (AM), 28♀ (00133152–00133177, 00133189, 00133196) (AMNH), 4♀ (00133178–00133181) (UNSW), 6♀ (00133190–00133195) (WAMP). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.64166°S 114.4569°E, 450 m, 28 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120500, 3♂ (00090073–00090074, 00090077) (UNSW).

Wallabicoris chrysocephali, new species

Figure 3; map 3; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized among those species with heavily yellow coloration by the nearly uniform but not intensely yellow dorsum (pl. 1), by the moderately large size, mean total length 5.40; the relatively short rather strongly declivent head, ratio head length/head width 3.51; the left paramere relatively short and deep bodied and only moderately projecting beyond margin of pygophore (fig. 3); and the secondary endosomal strap with a short, kinklike, submedial undulation (fig. 3). Breeds on Chrysocephalum apiculatum (Asteraceae). Similar to W. maralinga and W. rutidosi in the relatively short, deep-bodied left paramere only moderately projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore, but coloration of dorsum in W. rutidosi not so uniformly yellow in many specimens. Distinguished from W. sandstonensis and W. waitzii by the much more elongate left paramere in those species projecting well beyond the margin of the pygophore, and the longer, more slender body, and more intensely yellow coloration in W. waitzii. Potentially confused with W. commoni, a species of similar size, mean total length 5.60, and uniform yellowish coloration, but secondary endosomal strap with a very broad subbasal undulation rather than a short medial twist as in W. chrysocephali.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.18–5.67, ratio l/w  =  3.52. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum unicolorous yellow with a pale medial longitudinal stripe; hemelytron unicolorous yellow; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.49; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.47; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 3): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.63; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 2.83; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus Chrysocephalum Walp. (Asteraceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Chrysocephalum apiculatum (Labill.) Steetz (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) or close relatives.

Distribution (map 3)

Recorded primarily from the McDonnell Ranges of central Australia in the Alice Springs region. The specimens from the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales lack host data, but are morphologically very similar to material from Central Australia, suggesting a broad—but incompletely known—distribution.

Discussion

Chrysocephalum apiculatum is very widely distributed in Australia. The records from New South Wales and the ACT may well be an indication that W. chrysocephali will prove to be more widely distributed as well.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: jct of Namitjara Rd and Gosse Bluff track, 23.78335°S 132.359°E, 711 m, 04 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Chrysocephalum apiculatum/semipapposum complex (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW666332, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00098794) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 3 mi NE of Gosses Bluff, 23.48°S 132.21°E, 20 May 1969, H. Pelz, 5♂ (00168751–00168755), 12♀ (00168756–00168767) (ANIC). 78 km S of Alice Springs at jct of Rainbow Valley Rd and Stuart Hiway, 24.23334°S 133.4567°E, 540 m, 27 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Chrysocephalum apiculatum (Labill.) Steetz (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658372, 1♂ (00369049), 4♀ (00369050–00369053) (AMNH). Finke Gorge National Park, Palm Valley, 24.03333°S 132.7101°E, 586 m, 04 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, 1♂ (00097955), 3♀ (00097960–00097962) (AM), 2♂ (00097956, 00097957), 3♀ (00097963–00097965) (AMNH). jct of Namitjara Rd and Gosse Bluff track, 23.78335°S 132.359°E, 711 m, 04 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Chrysocephalum apiculatum/semipapposum complex (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW666332, 2♂ (00098797, 00098798), 3♀ (00098804–00098805, 00098810) (AM), 4♂ (00098791–00098793, 00098795), 6♀ (00098801–00098803, 00098806, 00098809, 00098811) (AMNH), 2♀ (00098807, 00098808) (ANIC), 1♂ (00098796), 2♀ (00098814, 00098815) (NTM), 1♂ (00098799), 2♀ (00098812, 00098813) (UNSW). ∼66 km N of Lasseter Hiway on Luritja Road, 24.68335°S 132.3212°E, 545 m, 02 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Chrysocephalum apiculatum (Labill.) Steetz (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW666297, 1♂ (00097771) (AM), 1♂ (00097768) (AMNH), 1♂ (00097767), 2♀ (00097769, 00097770) (NTM).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory: Canberra, 35.2833°S 149.2167°E, 605 m, Nov 1929, J. Evans, 1♀ (00168769) (ANIC). New South Wales: Coolabah, 31.019°S 146.689°E, 12 Oct 1963, D.H. Colless, 1♀ (00168768) (ANIC). Trangie, 32.03333°S 147.98333°E, 10 Feb 1951, B. Cameron, 1♀ (00168770) (ANIC).

Wallabicoris commoni, new species

Figure 4; map 4; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized by the pale, partially yellowish coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 1), the large size, with a mean total length of 5.60, and the structure of the male genitalia, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad subbasal undulation the left paramere moderately long, without an elevated shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface, and deep bodied, and the right paramere of nearly equal width over most of length (fig. 4). Host unknown. Potentially confused with Asteraceae-feeding W. helichrysi, W. olearii, W. ozothamni, and W. schwartzi, but those species with weak transverse marking on posterior half of hemelytra as opposed to the longitudinal marking seen in W. commoni. Also potentially confused with the similarly sized Lamiaceae-feeding W. dicrastyli, but that species with heavy black bases on the femoral and tibial spines in contrast to the pale or weakly darkened based in W. commoni. Significantly larger than the Thymalaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.60, ratio l/w  =  3.51. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum unicolorous, weakly yellow, endocorium with dirty or golden areas; markings on cuneus present as partial or complete but weak infuscation; membrane with extreme base unicolorous pale, remainder partially fumose, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.11; antennal fossa with ventral margin 2 diameters above ventral margin of eye; interocular space large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.32; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 4): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.00; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.22; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for Ian Common of the CSIRO, who collected all the known specimens.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Known from a single collecting event in central Queensland.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 4 mi W of Paluma, 22.54999°S 144.82039°E, 914 m, 25 Apr 1969, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00168796) (ANIC).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 4 mi W of Paluma, 22.54999°S 144.82039°E, 914 m, 25 Apr 1969, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton, 2♀ (00168797, 00168798) (ANIC).

Wallabicoris coolabah, new species

Figure 5; map 4; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized by the large size and the elongate slender body form, total length 5.45, ratio length/width 3.58, the pale setae on the dorsum, the quadrate pattern of coloration on the dorsum (pl. 1), and the form of the male genitalia, the secondary endosomal strap with a short submedial twist, a short left paramere, and a lanceolate right paramere (fig. 5). Separated from other large species with an elongate body form as follows: from W. craspedii by the heavy black setae on the dorsum, the broad subbasal undulation in the secondary endosomal strap, and the longer left paramere in that species; from W. norsemanius by the longitudinal rather that quadrate color pattern and much more elongate left paramere in that species; and from W. uptoni by the subbasal undulation in the secondary endosomal strap and the more elongate left paramere.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.29–5.61, ratio l/w  =  3.59. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum more or less unicolorous yellow-brown with a pale medial stripe; hemelytron with extensive pale areas with extensive infuscation on clavus and as a broad transverse fascia at level of apex of clavus; markings on cuneus present as conspicuous infuscation on posterior two-thirds; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder variably weakly to strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter heavily infuscate, at least on mesopleuron and abdomen, yellow to dirty yellow; antennal segment 1 with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow proximally, weakly to heavily infuscate distally; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous yellow to weakly infuscate, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.52; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.48; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 5): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap short apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.00; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.77; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the type locality.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Known from a single collecting event in the interior of New South Wales.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Coolabah, 31.019°S 146.689°E, 12 Oct 1963, D.H. Colless, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00168794) (ANIC).

Paratype

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Coolabah, 31.019°S 146.689°E, 12 Oct 1963, D.H. Colless, 1♂ (00168795) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris craspedii, new species

Figure 6; map 3; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized by the large size and the elongate slender body form, total length 5.56, ratio length/width 3.60, the heavy black setae on the dorsum, the more or less uniform greenish yellow coloration of the dorsum (pl. 1), and the form of the male genitalia, the secondary endosomal strap with a broad subbasal undulation, an elongate left paramere, and a lanceolate right paramere (fig. 6). Separated from other large species with a large elongate body as follows: from W. coolabah by the pale setae on the dorsum, the short submedial twist in the secondary endosomal strap, and the shorter left paramere in that species; from W. norsemanius by the pale setae on the dorsum, the longitudinal color pattern and the short submedial twist in the secondary endosomal strap in that species; and from W. uptoni by the less pronounced subbasal undulation in the secondary endosomal strap and the somewhat less elongate left paramere.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.20, ratio l/w  =  3.63. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum unicolorous greenish yellow; hemelytron mostly pale, greenish yellow; markings on cuneus present as partial or complete but weak infuscation; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly to strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter heavily infuscate, at least on mesopleuron and abdomen; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with strong infuscation at base and apex, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow proximally, weakly infuscate distally; labium generally infuscate, heavily so apically; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with erect black setae, particularly on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.77; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.42; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 6): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.40; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.38; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex tapered.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Craspedia Forster (Asteraceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Craspedia sp. (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).

Distribution (map 3)

Known from several localities in New South Wales and Victoria, most in the Great Dividing Range.

Discussion

Further attention to sampling on Craspedia will help to determine the extent to which this primarily high latitude—high elevation group of plants serves as hosts for Wallabicoris spp.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Mount Kosciusko, 36.45°S 148.26°E, 01 Feb 1952–12 Feb 1952, C.E. Chadwick, Craspedia sp. (Asteraceae), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00089293) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Charlottes Pass, Kosciusko National Park, 36.43333°S 148.31666°E, 1800 m, 17 Feb 1963, D.K. McAlpine, 1♂ (00090859) (AM). Lake Cootapatamba, Snowy Mountains, 09 Feb 1979, D.K. McAlpine & B.J. Day, 1♂ (00090907) (AM). Mount Kosciusko, 36.45°S 148.26°E, 01 Feb 1952–12 Feb 1952, C.E. Chadwick, Craspedia sp. (Asteraceae), 2♀ (00089295, 00089296) (AM); 14 Feb 1963, D.K. McAlpine, 1♂ (00090652) (AMNH). Victoria: near Rosebud, Mornington Peninsula, 04 Jan 1976, M.S. Moulds, 1♂ (00090653) (AM).

Wallabicoris cuneotinctus, new species

Figure 7; map 2; plate 1

Diagnosis

Among those species with numerous red spots on the dorsum, most similar to W. thomasii and W. trymalii in the complete transverse fascia posteriorly on the corium, the cuneus red at least on the posterior half (pl. 1), the secondary endosomal strap with a submedial bifurcation and left paramere elongate and extending well beyond the margin of the pygophore (fig. 7). Separated from W. thomasii by the intense red spotting of the entire dorsum in that species; distinguished from W. trymalii by the occurrence of that species in extreme southwestern Western Australia instead of the south coast of Victoria.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 3.86–4.36, ratio l/w  =  3.08. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum pale with red or carmine botches; hemelytron with red or carmine botches, most densely so medially on clavus and on corium as a broad fascia at level of apex of clavus; red fascia on corium/clavus present anterior to cuneal fracture and on clavus; markings on cuneus present, solid carmine over most of posterior half; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly to strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter light yellow; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with conspicuous dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with black setae intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.77; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.45; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium reaching to margin of pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 7): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap greatly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 3.00; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, bifurcating at about midpoint; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.17; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the colorful nature of the cuneus, combining cuneus and the Latin tinctus, “dyed” or “painted.”

Hosts

Recorded from various species of Rhamnaceae, including Pomaderris oraria subsp. oraria F. Muell. ex Reissek, and Pomaderris apetala Labill.

Distribution (map 2)

Under the present conception of W. cuneotinctus, the range of the taxon includes the south coast of Victoria and central Tasmania.

Discussion

Both known hosts occur on the south coast of Victoria and in Tasmania. Thus, we might expect only limited extensions of the range of W. cuneotinctus beyond what is currently known.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Wilsons Promonotory National Park, Darley River area, 38.97705°S 146.2749°E, 50 m, 18 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Pomaderris oraria subsp. oraria F. Muell. ex Reissek (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658188, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00194192) (MVMA).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Wilsons Promonotory National Park, Darley River area, 38.97705°S 146.2749°E, 50 m, 18 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Pomaderris oraria subsp. oraria F. Muell. ex Reissek (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658188, 6♂ (00194200–00194204, 00194206), 4♀ (00194214, 00194216–00194217, 00194220) (AM), 16♂ (00194183, 00194186–00194191, 00194193–00194199, 00194205, 00194207), 11♀ (00194208–00194213, 00194215, 00194218–00194219, 00194221, 00194224 (AMNH), 2♂ (00194180, 00194181), 1♀ (00194225) (MVMA), 3♂ (00194182, 00194184–00194185), 2♀ (00194222, 00194223) (UNSW).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Mt. Field National Park, Russell Falls Visitor Centre, 42.68151°S 146.7168°E, 167 m, 16 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Pomaderris apetala Labill. (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658218, 1♂ (00194176), 1♀ (00194179) (AM), 1♂ (00194175), 1♂ (00194174), 2♀ (00194177, 00194178) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris dicrastyli, new species

Figures 8, 9; map 1; plate 1

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 1), the moderately large size, with a mean total length of 5.41, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma erect, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation, and the left paramere very long, with an elevated shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface, and greatly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose (figs. 8F, 9). Breeds on Dicrastylis flexuosa (Lamiaceae). Smaller than the similarly colored Asteraceae-feeding W. baldersoni and W. schwartzi; similar in size to the Asteraceae-feeding W. helichrysi and W. ozothamni; larger than the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species smaller, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 5.22–5.64, ratio l/w  =  2.94. COLORATION (pl. 1): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron unicolorous pale, nearly white; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder unicolorous pale, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.60 (fig. 8A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.44; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium reaching to midpoint of abdomen. GENITALIA (figs. 8E, F, 9): Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.00; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.68; body rounded laterally; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Dicrastylis J.L. Drumm. ex Harvey.

Hosts

Recorded only from Dicrastylis flexuosa (W.R. Price) C.A. Gardner (Lamiaceae) (pl. 8B).

Distribution (map 1)

Known from the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

The known distribution of W. dicrastyli corresponds closely with the distributions of its known hosts in the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 80.2 km W of Agnew toward Sandstone, 28.00117°S 119.9593°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis flexuosa (W.R. Price) C.A. Gardner (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05054729, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00135692) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 80.2 km W of Agnew toward Sandstone, 28.00117°S 119.9593°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis flexuosa (W.R. Price) C.A. Gardner (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05054729, 17♂ (00090204, 00090208, 00090212, 00090221, 00090223, 00090225, 00090233, 00090555–00090564), 21♀ (00090197–00090198, 00090200–00090201–00090203, 00090205–00090207, 00090209–00090211, 00090215–00090220, 00090222, 00090224, 00090226) (AM), 25♂ (00132109, 00132112, 00135676–00135679–00135681–00135691, 00135693–00135699), 46♀ (00135707, 00135713, 00135721–00135764) (AMNH), 6♂ (00090196, 00090199, 00090213–00090214, 00090227, 00090234), 7♀ (00090228–00090232, 00090235–00090236) (UNSW), 4♂ (00132108, 00132110–00132111, 00132113), 32♀ (00090565–00090588, 00132121–00132122, 00135765–00135770) (WAMP). NW Coastal Hiway 36 km N of Kalbarri Road, 27.62473°S 114.6902°E, 500 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, 1♂ (00373031) (AM).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 80.2 km W of Agnew toward Sandstone, 28.00117°S 119.9593°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis flexuosa (W.R. Price) C.A. Gardner (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05054729, 26♀ (00132114–00132120, 00135700–00135706, 00135708–00135712, 00135714–00135720) (AMNH). Carnarvon, Blue Bush, 24.88965°S 113.66922°E, 02 Sep 1953, A.S., 5♂ (00202579 [cat 57–327]–00202583 [cat 57–326]), 4♀ (00202575 [cat 57–316]–00202578 [cat 57–324]) (WAMP).

Wallabicoris ellae, new species

Figure 10; map 2; plate 2

Figure 10

Wallabicoris ellae, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00133270).

Diagnosis

Recognized uniquely by the large size, mean total length 5.47, and the cream-colored dorsum covered with irregular discrete carmine blotches on the posterior pronotal lobe, scutellum, clavus, corium, and cuneus (pl. 2). Male genitalia as in figure 10. Breeds on Keraudrenia (Sterculiaceae).

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.22–5.76, ratio l/w  =  3.27. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum pale with carmine botches; hemelytron with carmine botches; red fascia on corium/clavus absent; markings on cuneus present as individual carmine blotches; membrane unicolorous pale with a few small carmine markings, veins white, extreme base unicolorous with remainder; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with black setae intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.28; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.38; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium reaching from abdominal midpoint to margin of pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 10): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.50; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, smoothly curving over entire length; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.25; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for Ella Massie-Schuh, in recognition of her contributions to this project.

Hosts

Recorded only from Keraudrenia integrifolia Steud. (Sterculiaceae) (pl. 11E).

Distribution (map 2)

Known from the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

The distribution of Keraudrenia integrifolia is much wider than the known distribution of W. ellae, which appears to be restricted to the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Keraudrenia integrifolia Steud. (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120756, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00133268) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Keraudrenia integrifolia Steud. (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120756, 7♂ (00089077–00089083), 23♀ (00087925, 00089052–00089073) (AM), 18♂ (00133267, 00133269–00133270–00133272–00133275, 00133280, 00136232–00136240), 25♀ (00133302, 00133281–00133290–00133292, 00133297, 00136241–00136246–00136248–00136251) (AMNH), 5♂ (00087176, 00087454, 00087918, 00089084–00089085), 5♀ (00087177, 00087923–00087924, 00087926–00087927) (UNSW), 5♂ (00087919, 00133276–00133279), 17♀ (00087920–00087922, 00089074–00089076, 00133293–00133296, 00133298–00133301, 00133303–00133305) (WAMP). 82.2 km W of Agnew toward Sandstone, 28.01057°S 119.9455°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Keraudrenia integrifolia Steud. (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05095166, 1♀ (00090860) (AM). Boorabin Rock, 31.12°S 120.17°E, 04 Oct 1981–09 Oct 1981, T.F. Houston, Light Trap, 1♀ (00202567) (WAMP).

Wallabicoris gingera, new species

Figure 11; map 4; plate 2

Figure 11

Wallabicoris gingera, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00168799).

Diagnosis

Recognized uniquely by its very elongate slender body form, total length 6.67, ratio total length/width pronotum 3.96. Coloration of dorsum dirty yellow without the suggestion of longitudinal or transverse markings (pl. 2); secondary endosomal strap with a weak submedial twist; left paramere tapering toward apex (fig. 11). Most similar in total length to W. schwartzi, but that species only with pale setae on dorsum, as opposed to the heavy black setae seen in W. gingera.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 6.67, ratio l/w  =  3.96. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum unicolorous dirty yellow, weakly greenish on posterior lobe; hemelytron unicolorous dirty yellow; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter heavily infuscate, at least on mesopleuron and abdomen; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with strong infuscation at base and apex, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow proximally, weakly to heavily infuscate distally; labium generally infuscate, heavily so apically; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with black setae intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.62; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.40; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 11): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.40; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body short and broad, ratio lrp/wrp 2.55; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the type locality, Mt. Gingera.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Known only from the type locality, in the Australian Capital Territory on the west slope of the Great Dividing Range.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory: Mount Gingera, 35.581°S 148.784°E, 19 Dec 1950, I.F.B. Common, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00168799) (ANIC).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory: Mount Gingera, 35.581°S 148.784°E, 19 Dec 1950, I.F.B. Common, 1♀ (00168803) (AMNH), 3♀ (00168800–00168802) (ANIC).

Wallabicoris halganii, new species

Figure 12; map 1; plate 2

Figure 12

Wallabicoris halganii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00136984).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the presence of numerous small dark spots on the hemelytra and pronotum (pl. 2), as well as dark spots at the base of the tibial spines; apical half of endosoma nearly straight and erect, secondary endosomal strap with a short submedial twist; left paramere greatly elongate, closed over most of dorsal surface, greatly extending beyond margin of pygophore in repose (fig. 12). Most similar to W. pityrodiellus in the presence of spots on the hemelytra, but spots lacking on the pronotum in that species, and tibiae without distinct spots at the bases of spines.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, parallel sided, total length 4.42–5.12, ratio l/w  =  3.12. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum pale, yellowish, with brown spots; hemelytron unicolorous pale, yellowish, with many small brown spots, especially on posterior lobe; red fascia on corium/clavus absent; markings on cuneus present as brown spots; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, veins yellow; venter light green; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow proximally, weakly to heavily infuscate distally; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with conspicuous dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with suberect black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.20; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.51; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium reaching to about midpoint of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 12): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.88; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.82; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Halgania Gaudich (Boraginaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Halgania viscosa S. Moore (Boraginaceae).

Distribution (map 1)

Known from a single collecting event at the southeastern margin of the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

Halgania viscosa is known from a limited area of Western Australia that includes the type locality of W. halganii. This is in strong contrast to other species of Halgania, such as H. cyanea Lindl., which are very widely distributed and known from a very large number of collections.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 81 km E of Norseman, 32.07347°S 122.6166°E, 600 m, 23 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Halgania viscosa S. Moore (Boraginaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05099749, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00136990) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 81 km E of Norseman, 32.07347°S 122.6166°E, 600 m, 23 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Halgania viscosa S. Moore (Boraginaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05099749, 3♂ (00136981–00136982, 00136989), 3♀ (00136995–00136996, 00137000) (AM), 5♂ (00136977, 00136983–00136985, 00136986), 5♀ (00136992, 00136994, 00136998–00136999, 00137001) (AMNH), 2♂ (00136975, 00136987), 1♀ (00137002) (UNSW), 5♂ (00136976, 00136978–00136980, 00136988), 3♀ (00136991, 00136993, 00136997) (WAMP).

Wallabicoris helichrysi, new species

Figure 13; map 3; plate 2

Figure 13

Wallabicoris helichrysi, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00089255).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 2), the moderately large size, with a mean total length of 5.23, and the structure of the male genitalia, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation and the left paramere relatively short, without an elevated shoulder on the posterior process, closed over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 13), and only weakly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose; phallotheca not heavily sclerotized and nearly black as in W. schwartzi. Breeds on Helichrysum sp. Smaller than the similarly colored Asteraceae-feeding W. baldersoni, W. olearii, and W. schwartzi; similar in size to the Asteraceae-feeding W. ozothamni and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. dicrastyli; somewhat larger than the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species smaller, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.06–5.33, ratio l/w  =  3.27. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron mostly pale endocorium posteriorly and clavus with dirty areas; markings on cuneus absent; membrane pale basally, strongly fumose along posterior margin, veins white, extreme base pale; venter light green; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale to weakly infuscate; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Barely projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  4.88; antennal fossa with ventral margin 2 diameters above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.40; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 13): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.00; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed posteriorly; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.19; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Helichrysum Miller (Asteraceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).

Distribution (map 3)

Known from a single collecting event in the Great Dividing Range in southern New South Wales.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Mount Keira, 34.24°S 150.51°E, 15 Dec 1989, G. Cassis, Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00089236) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Mount Keira, 34.24°S 150.51°E, 15 Dec 1989, G. Cassis, Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae), 18♂ (00089218–00089226, 00089228–00089230, 00089232–00089235, 00089251, 00089256), 3♀ (00089261, 00089263–00089264) (AM), 16♂ (00089227, 00089231, 00089242–00089250, 00089252–00089255, 00089257), 3♀ (00089262, 00089265–00089266) (AMNH), 5♂ (00089237–00089241) (UNSW).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Mount Keira, 34.24°S 150.51°E, 15 Dec 1989, G. Cassis, Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae), 3 nymphs (00089258–00089260) (AM).

Wallabicoris lachnostachyos, new species

Figures 14, 15; map 1; plate 2

Figure 14

Wallabicoris lachnostachyos, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on corium adjacent to claval suture. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Abdomen in lateral view. E. Pygophore in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00134788).

Figure 15

Wallabicoris lachnostachyos, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00134786).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 2), the small size, with a mean total length of 3.59, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma weakly curving, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a short submedial undulation, and the left paramere greatly elongate, with a low shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 15), and greatly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose. Head only moderately projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes, mean ratio width head/length head 3.37. Breeds on Dicrastylis sp. and Lachnostachys spp. (Lamiaceae). The smallest of the similarly colored Lamiaceae-feeding species including W. cassis, W. dicrastyli, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri and the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii. Smaller than all the chalk-white Asteraceae-feeding species. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species significantly larger, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap and with the left paramere not elongate.

Description

Male: Body relatively short and stout, weakly to distinctly ovoid, total length 3.29–3.80, ratio l/w  =  2.73. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum unicolorous pale, nearly white; hemelytron unicolorous pale, nearly white markings on cuneus absent; membrane unicolorous pale with most of extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.21 (fig. 14A); antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.53; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium very long, reaching well onto pygophore. GENITALIA (figs. 14D–F, 15): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.92; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.11; body rounded laterally; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex tapered.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Lachnostachys Hooker (Lamiaceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce, Lachnostachys coolgardiensis S. Moore (pl. 9A), and Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Lamiaceae) (pl. 8D).

Distribution (map 1)

Known from the Goldfields and adjacent west-coastal heathland areas in Western Australia.

Discussion

The known distribution of W. lachnostachyos corresponds closely with the distributions of its known hosts in the Goldfields/Kalbarri region of Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalbarri National Park, 7 km E of Kalbarri, 27.68008°S 114.2386°E, 400 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05120497, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00136086) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 11 km S of Eneabba on Brand Hiway, Eneabba Reserve, 29.91094°S 115.1175°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6989594, 4♂ (00369054–00369057), 3♀ (00369058–00369060) (AMNH). 24 km W of Sandstone, 28.01426°S 119.0474°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys coolgardiensis S. Moore (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05095174, 1♂ (00088003), 4♀ (00088004–00088007) (AM). Brand Hiway 3.2 km S of Rocky Springs Road, 29.94°S 115.268°E, 150 m, 01 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05120497, 5♂ (00087853–00087857), 5♀ (00087864–00087868) (AM), 10♂ (00134784–00134791–00134792, 00134795), 9♀ (00134798–00134803, 00134805, 00134813, 00134817) (AMNH), 6♂ (00087851–00087852, 00134793–00134794, 00134796–00134797), 13♀ (00087862–00087863, 00134804, 00134806–00134812, 00134814–00134816) (WAMP). Kalbarri National Park, 7 km E of Kalbarri, 27.68008°S 114.2386°E, 400 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. Field ID PERTH 05120497, 13♂ (00087458, 00087960–00087971), 10♀ (00087972–00087981) (AM), 16♂ (00136084–00136085, 00136087–00136095–00136097–00136100), 8♀ (00136109–00136114, 00136123, 00136125) (AMNH), 11♂ (00087731–00087733, 00136101–00136108), 22♀ (00087734–00087741, 00136115–00136121–00136122, 00136124, 00136126–00136130) (WAMP). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.66975°S 114.2841°E, 400 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120497, 6♂ (00087188, 00089716–00089720), 8♀ (00089731–00089738) (AM), 17♂ (00136028–00136030–00136043–00136044), 13♀ (00136055–00136064–00136066, 00136135) (AMNH), 21♂ (00089721–00089730, 00089743, 00136045–00136054), 29♀ (00089739–00089752, 00136067–00136074, 00136131–00136134, 00136136–00136138) (WAMP).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 11 km S of Eneabba on Brand Hiway, Eneabba Reserve, 29.91094°S 115.1175°E, 100 m, 21 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6989594, 15♂ (00090883–00090888–MNH_PBI 00090890–00090897), 1 nymph (00369061) (AMNH), 5♂ (00090878–00090882), 9♀ (00090898–00090906) (UNSW). Brand Hiway 3.2 km S of Rocky Springs Road, 29.94°S 115.268°E, 150 m, 01 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05120497, 4♀ (00087876–00087879), 3 nymphs (00087880–00087882) (AM), 4♂ (00087858–00087861), 7♀ (00087869–00087875) (UNSW). Kalbarri National Park, 7 km E of Kalbarri, 27.68008°S 114.2386°E, 400 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05120497, 7♂ (00135939–00135945), 16♀ (00135946–00135961) (AMNH). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.66975°S 114.2841°E, 400 m, 29 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Lachnostachys eriobotrya (F. Muell.) Druce (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120497, 9♀ (00136075–00136083), 3 nymphs (00132026–00132028) (AMNH), 4♂ (00132022–00132025), 4♀ (00132035–00132038) (CNC), 5♂ (00132013–00132017), 3♀ (00132029–00132031) (USNM), 4♂ (00132018–00132021), 3♀ (00132032–00132034) (ZISP). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.64166°S 114.4569°E, 450 m, 28 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120500, 3♂ (00136139–00136141), 3♀ (00136144–00136146), 2 nymphs (00136142, 00136143) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris maralinga, new species

Figure 16; map 4; plate 2

Figure 16

Wallabicoris maralinga, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00173969).

Diagnosis

Recognized among those species with heavily yellow coloration by the nearly uniform but not intensely yellow dorsum (pl. 2), by the moderate size, mean total length 4.99, the head rather strongly projecting beyond the anterior margin of the eyes, ratio head length/head width 2.64, the left paramere relatively short and deep bodied and only moderately projecting beyond margin of pygophore (fig. 16), and the secondary endosomal strap with a broad, weak, submedial undulation (fig. 16). Host unknown. Similar to W. chrysocephali and W. rutidosi in the relatively short, deep-bodied left paramere only moderately projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore, but coloration of dorsum in W. rutidosi not so uniformly yellow in many specimens. Distinguished from W. sandstonensis and W. waitzii by the much more elongate left paramere in those species projecting well beyond the margin of the pygophore, and the longer, more slender body, and more intensely yellow coloration in W. waitzii. Potentially confused with W. commoni, that species also with uniform yellowish coloration, but larger with a mean total length of 5.60; secondary endosomal strap in with a broad subbasal undulation similar to that seen in W. maralinga, but left paramere in W. commoni open over most of dorsal surface and more deep bodied.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, parallel sided, total length 4.32–5.38, ratio l/w  =  3.19. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum yellow to weakly orange with a longitudinal medial pale stripe; hemelytron mostly yellow to weakly orange markings on cuneus present as weak infuscation on posterior half; membrane weakly fumose on basal half, more strongly fumose on posterior half, extreme base pale, veins white; venter light yellow; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with pale medial seta; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  2.80; antennal fossa with ventral margin 2 diameters above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.37; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 16): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.40; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body short and broad, ratio lrp/wrp 2.73; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the type locality, Maralinga Village.

Hosts

Unknown. Probably breeding on Asteraceae with yellow flowers.

Distribution (map 4)

Known only from the type locality, located on the Nullarbor Plain near the south coast of South Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Maralinga Village, 30.158°S 131.579°E, 08 Oct 1956, F.L. Hill, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00173961) (BMNH).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Maralinga Village, 30.158°S 131.579°E, 08 Oct 1956, F.L. Hill, 2♂ (00173968, 00173969) (AMNH), 7♂ (00173960, 00173962–00173967), 2♀ (00173970, 00173971) (BMNH).

Wallabicoris newcastelii, new species

Figure 17; map 1; plate 2

Figure 17

Wallabicoris newcastelii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00135877).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 2), the moderate size, with a mean total length of 4.57, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma elongate and nearly erect, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation, and the left paramere greatly elongate, with a low shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 17), and greatly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose. Head only moderately projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes, mean ratio width head/length head 3.57. Breeds on Dicrastylis spp. and Newcastelii sp. (Lamiaceae). Size moderate among the similarly colored Lamiaceae-feeding species, larger than W. cassis, W. lachnostachyos, and W. paradicrastyli; smaller than W. dicrastyli and W. prostantheri and the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii. Smaller than all the chalk-white Asteraceae-feeding species. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species slightly larger, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap and the left paramere not elongate.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 4.08–5.25, ratio l/w  =  2.95. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum unicolorous pale, nearly white; hemelytron unicolorous pale, nearly white; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, especially within cells, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with pale medial seta; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.44; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.53; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium reaching to margin of pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 17): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.67; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.44; body rounded laterally; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for its host genus, Newcastelia F. Muell. (Lamiaceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Newcastelia viscida E. Pritz. (pl. 9B), N. insignis E. Pritz., Dicrastylis parvifolia F. Muell. (pl. 8C), and Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Lamiaceae) (pl. 8D).

Distribution (map 1)

Known from the Goldfields and adjacent west-coastal region of Western Australia.

Discussion

The known distribution of W. newcastelii corresponds closely with the distributions of its recorded hosts in the Goldfields/Kalbarri region of Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies (3.5 km E of Hiway), 29.91917°S 121.1514°E, 500 m, 25 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia viscida E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05095077, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00133318) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 21 km E of Kalgoorlie near transcon. railroad, 30.87541°S 121.69346°E, 500 m, 23 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Light Trap, 2♀ (00089216, 00089217) (AM). 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff, 1♂ (00090303), 1♀ (00090304) (AM). 28 km S of Menzies (3.5 km E of Hiway), 29.91917°S 121.1514°E, 500 m, 25 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, 10♂ (00133306–00133311, 00133315–00133317, 00133319), 3♀ (00133324, 00134631–00134632) (AMNH), 3♂ (00133312–00133314) (WAMP). 60.5 km SE of Southern Cross, 31.65169°S 119.4957°E, 440 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Dicrastylis parvifolia F. Muell. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05055954, 3♂ (00087106, 00373027–00373028), 2♀ (00373029, 00373030) (AM), 4♂ (00130767–00130768–00130770), 3♀ (00130771–00130773) (AMNH). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.64166°S 114.4569°E, 450 m, 28 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120500, 1♂ (00090075) (AM), 3♂ (00135867, 00135874, 00135877), 2♀ (00135890, 00135899) (AMNH), 2♂ (00135873, 00135876) (UNSW), 5♂ (00135868–00135872) (WAMP).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff, 43♀ (00090305–00090328, 00090338–00090356), 17 nymphs (00090357–00090373) (AM), 5 nymphs (00133147–00133151) (AMNH), 9♀ (00090329–00090337) (WAMP). 28 km S of Menzies (3.5 km E of Hiway), 29.91917°S 121.1514°E, 500 m, 25 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia viscida E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05095077, 10♀ (00133320–00133323, 00133325–00133328, 00134629–00134630) (AMNH), 4♀ (00134633–00134636) (UNSW). 60.5 km SE of Southern Cross, 31.65169°S 119.4957°E, 440 m, 04 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Asquith, Dicrastylis parvifolia F. Muell. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05055954, 1♀ (00087107) (AM). Kalbarri National Park, Z-Bend Road, 27.64166°S 114.4569°E, 450 m, 28 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis fulva forma fulva Harv. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05120500, 1♂ (00090079), 16♀ (00090078, 00090080–00090094), 1 nymph (00090103) (AM), 34♀ (00135878–00135889, 00135891–00135898, 00135900–00135913) (AMNH), 3♀ (00090095, 00135914–00135915) (UNSW), 7♀ (00090096–00090102) (WAMP).

Wallabicoris norsemanius, new species

Figure 18; map 4; plate 2

Figure 18

Wallabicoris norsemanius, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00168780).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the large size and the elongate slender body form, total length 5.55, ratio length/width 3.82, the pale setae on the dorsum, the elongate pattern of coloration on the dorsum (pl. 2), and the form of the male genitalia, the secondary endosomal strap with a short submedial twist, the elongate left paramere, and the broadly lanceolate right paramere (fig. 18). Separated from other large species with a large elongate body as follows: from W. coolabah by quadrate color pattern and the short left paramere in that species; from W. craspedii by the heavy black setae on the dorsum, uniform coloration of the dorsum, and the broad submedial undulation in the secondary endosomal strap in that species; and from W. uptoni by the quadrate color patter on the dorsum, the moderately broad subbasal undulation in the secondary endosomal strap, and the somewhat less elongate left paramere.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.51–5.59, ratio l/w  =  3.82. COLORATION (pl. 2): Pronotum with anterior lobe mostly pale, posterior lobe nearly unicolorous red-brown with a pale median longitudinal stripe; hemelytron mostly pale, weakly reddish, clavus red brown on medial two thirds; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly to strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter heavily infuscate, at least on mesopleuron and abdomen; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora mostly red-brown with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with brown setae intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.00; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.42; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 18): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.80; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.34; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the town of Norseman, Western Australia, near the type locality.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Known only from the type locality in the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 61 mi E of Norseman, 32.03°S 122.77°E, 29 Apr 1968, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00168781) (ANIC).

Paratype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 61 mi E of Norseman, 32.03°S 122.77°E, 29 Apr 1968, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton, 1♂ (00168780) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris olearii, new species

Figure 19; map 3; plate 3

Figure 19

Wallabicoris olearii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00173972).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the pale coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 3), the moderately large size, mean total length 5.31, and the structure of the male genitalia, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation and the left paramere elongate, deep bodied, and substantially exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose, and without an elevated shoulder on the posterior process; right paramere relatively short and broad, with a distinct protuberance subapically on the posterior margin (fig. 19). Breeds on Olearia axillaris (Asteraceae). Similar in size and coloration to W. baldersoni, W. ozothamni, and W. schwartzi; distinguished from W. ozothamni by the shorter left paramere with an elevated shoulder on the posterior process in that species. Significantly larger than the pale Lamiaceae feeders such as W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, and W. paradicrastyli, but mean total length somewhat greater than in the pale Thymelaeaceae-feeder W. pinocchii.

Description

Body moderately elongate, parallel sided (l/w  =  3.11). COLORATION: Pronotum unicolorous pale; scutellum unicolorous with remainder of dorsum; hemelytron unicolorous white; markings on cuneus absent; membrane unicolorous pale, extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with pale medial seta; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases; SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae; STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  4.21; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.45; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen up to midpoint; GENITALIA: Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.50; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore; secondary endosomal strap extent reaching to level of secondary gonopore; secondary endosomal strap curvature with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma; fingerlike protuberance at distal margin of secondary gonopore absent. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process direction directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process shoulder without strong shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body short, broad, ratio lrp/wrp 2.54; body shape rounded laterally; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevation elevated at juncture with base; apex tapered.

Etymology

Named for the host genus Olearia Moench. (Asteraceae: Astereae).

Hosts

Recorded from Olearia axillaris (DC.) Benth. (Asteraceae).

Distribution (map 3)

Known from a single locality on the west coast of Western Australia.

Discussion

The distribution of Olearia axillaris is almost exclusively costal, ranging from Port Hedland south and east to Sydney. Although we would not predict such a broad distribution for W. olearii, further collecting on Olearia axillaris will undoubtedly increase the known range of the species.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Geraldton Drummond Cove, 28.66666°S 114.6°E, 16 May 1973, N. McFarland, Olearia axillaris (Asteraceae), 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00173976) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Geraldton Drummond Cove, 28.66666°S 114.6°E, 16 May 1973, N. McFarland, Olearia axillaris (Asteraceae), 1♂, 1♀ (00173972) (AMNH), Olearia axillaris (Asteraceae), 3♂, 3♀ (00173973–00173975) (BMNH), 1♀ (00173976) (WAMP).

Wallabicoris ozothamni, new species

Figures 20, 21; map 3; plate 3

Figure 20

Wallabicoris ozothamni, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on corium adjacent to claval suture. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in ventral view. E. Pygophore in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00132766).

Figure 21

Wallabicoris ozothamni, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00132782).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 3), the moderately large size, with a mean total length of 5.18, and the structure of the male genitalia, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation and the left paramere relatively short, with an elevated shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 21), and only weakly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose (fig. 20F). Breeds on Ozothamnus diosmifolius. Smaller than the similarly colored Asteraceae-feeding W. baldersoni, W. olearii, and W. schwartzi; similar in size to the Asteraceae-feeding W. helichrysi and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. dicrastyli; somewhat larger than the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species somewhat smaller, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, nearly parallel sided, total length 4.89–5.08, ratio l/w  =  3.18. COLORATION (pl. 3): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron mostly pale, corium and clavus with some dirty areas; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with most of extreme base pale, remainder partially fumose, especially around posterior margin and within cells, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with or without small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.67 (fig. 20A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.40; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (figs. 20E, F, 21): Endosoma: Base moderately long with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.88; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body short and broad, ratio lrp/wrp 2.63; body rounded laterally; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus Ozothamnus R. Br. (Asteraceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) (pl. 7A).

Distribution (map 3)

Most known specimens from coastal New South Wales, but also reported from the locations east of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales and western Victoria.

Discussion

The known distribution of W. ozothamni corresponds closely with the distributions of its known host in the Great Dividing Range of New South Wales and Victoria.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: just N of Bungwahl, Smiths Lake, 33 km S of Forster, 32.38334°S 152.5°E, 5 m, 21 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. J. Everett May 1996 NSW 395912, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00090415) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Myall Lakes National Park, 10.3 km S Seal Rocks Rd on Hawks Nest Rd, 32.50001°S 152.35°E, 5 m, 20 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. J. Everett May 1996 NSW 395908, 2♂ (00090375, 00090376) (AM). Just N of Bungwahl, Smiths Lake, 33 km S of Forster, 32.38334°S 152.5°E, 5 m, 21 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. J. Everett May 1996 NSW 395912, 52♂ (00090378, 00090380–00090382, 00090384–00090409, 00090412–00090414, 00090416–00090424, 00090426–00090435), 36♀ (00090437–00090447, 00090449–00090453, 00090455–00090458, 00090460–00090475) (AM), 117♂ (00090377, 00090379, 00090383, 00090425, 00101996–00101998, 00132039–00132068, 00132756–00132782, 00133010–00133053, 00133069–00133077), 40♀ (00088958, 00090448, 00090454, 00090459, 00132069–00132078–00132080–00132086, 00133054–00133068, 00133078–00133080) (AMNH), 3♂ (00132783–00132785), 2♀ (00132795, 00132796) (ANIC), 3♂ (00132792–00132794), 2♀ (00132801, 00132802) (CNC), 7♂ (00088951–00088957), 4♀ (00088959–00088962) (UNSW), 3♂ (00132786–00132788), 2♀ (00132797, 00132798) (USNM), 3♂ (00132789–00132791), 2♀ (00132799, 00132800) (ZISP).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 53 km SE of Braidwood, 35.71668°S 149.9°E, 150 m, 10 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. J. Everett 1996 NSW 396003, 7♂ (00090374, 00090410–00090411, 00131682, 00131686–00131687, 00131689), 2♀ (00090436, 00131694), 2 nymphs (00131690, 00131691) (AM), 1♂ (00131688), 1♀ (00131692) (AMNH). St. Forest W of Ulladulla, above Carters Creek, 35.5152°S 150.0346°E, 200 m, 11 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. field ID NSW 396003, 1♂ (00132968), 3 nymphs (00132970–00132972) (AM), 1♂ (00132969) (AMNH), 1♂ (00132967), 1♀ (00132973) (UNSW). State Forest, Yadburra W of Milton, 33.7735°S 149.1012°E, 50 m, 11 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. J. Everett 1996 NSW 396006, 10♂ (00088937–00088946) (AM), 5♂ (00131680–00131681, 00131683–00131685), 2♀ (00131693, 00131695) (AMNH), 4♀ (00088947–00088950) (UNSW). just N of Bungwahl, Smiths Lake, 33 km S of Forster, 32.38334°S 152.5°E, 5 m, 21 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Ozothamnus diosmifolius (Vent.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. J. Everett May 1996 NSW 395912, 22 nymphs (00088963–00088966, 00090476–00090493) (AM). Victoria: Hattah Lakes National Park, 34.703°S 142.29°E, 03 Nov 1966, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton, 2♂ (00168773, 00168774) (ANIC).

Wallabicoris paradicrastyli, new species

Figure 22; map 1; plate 3

Figure 22

Wallabicoris paradicrastyli, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00128685).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 3), the small size, with a mean total length of 3.83, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma short and weakly curving, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a short submedial twist, and the left paramere very short, deep bodied, with a low shoulder on the posterior process, closed over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 22), and only slightly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose. Head only weakly projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes, mean ratio width head/length head 3.81. Breeds on Dicrastylis spp. (Lamiaceae). One of the smallest of the similarly colored Lamiaceae and Thymelaeaceae-feeding species, only W. lachnostachyos being smaller. Smaller than all of the chalk-white Asteraceae-feeding species. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species much larger, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body relatively short, distinctly ovoid, total length 3.65–4.15, ratio l/w  =  2.75. COLORATION (pl. 3): Pronotum unicolorous pale, nearly white; hemelytron mostly pale, nearly white; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, especially cells, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.74; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.56; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium reaching to midpoint of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 22): Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.88; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.12; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus Dicrastylis in combination with the Greek prefix para, “near.”

Hosts

Recorded from Dicrastylis beveridgei F. Muell., Dicrastylis gilesii var. gilesii f. densa Munir, and Dicrastylis morrisonii Munir (Lamiaceae).

Distribution (map 1)

Known from the McDonnell Ranges of central Australia and the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

The known distribution of the hosts of W. paradicrastyli is restricted to Central Australia, but extends substantially farther south than our records for W. dicrastyli. We might then expect a broader distribution for this species, including more of western South Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 193 km E of Stuart Hiway on Lasseter Hiway, 25.21667°S 131.4776°E, 519 m, 31 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Dicrastylis beveridgei F. Muell. (Lamiaceae), det. NSW staff NSW666267, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00098008) (NTM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 17.5 km E of Stuart Hiway on Horseshoe Bend Rd, 25.16667°S 133.3223°E, 412 m, 29 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Dicrastylis beveridgei var. beveridgei F. Muell. (Lamiaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658404, 3♂ (00090861–00090863), 8♀ (00090866–00090873) (AM), 2♂ (00090864–00090865), 4♀ (00090874–00090877) (UNSW). 35.4 km W of Uluru at Kata Tjuta jct on Lasseter Hiway, 25.34361°S 130.68916°E, 592 m, 01 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Dicrastylis gilesii var. gilesii f. densa Munir (Lamiaceae), det. NSW staff NSW666280, 4♂ (00097940–00097942, 00097944), 3♀ (00097945, 00097946–00097948) (AMNH), 1♂ (00097943), 1♀ (00097949) (NTM). 193 km E of Stuart Hiway on Lasseter Hiway, 25.21667°S 131.4776°E, 519 m, 31 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Dicrastylis beveridgei F. Muell. (Lamiaceae), det. NSW staff NSW666267, 5♂ (00098007, 00098009–00098012), 6♀ (00098013–00098018) (AMNH), 1♂ (00098006), 1♀ (00098019) (NTM). Kings Canyon, Watarrka National Park, 24.25001°S 131.5689°E, 633 m, 02 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Dicrastylis gilesii var. gilesii f. densa Munir (Lamiaceae), det. NSW staff NSW666298, 2♂ (00181889–00181890), 1♀ (00181891) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 31.7 km W of Agnew toward Sandstone, 27.96227°S 120.4277°E, 800 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Dicrastylis morrisonii Munir (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05095204, 2♀ (00087189, 00089755) (AM), 4♂ (00128685–00128688), 4♀ (00128690–00128693), 1 nymph (00128689) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris pimelei, new species

Figure 23; map 4; plate 3

Figure 23

Wallabicoris pimelei, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00194167).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the relatively small size, mean total length 3.98, the largely pale coloration with orange suffusion on the head, anterior lobe of pronotum, and scutellum, and the heavy, erect, black setae on the head and pronotum (pl. 3); secondary endosomal strap complete, smooth curving over entire length; left paramere short, blunt, deep bodied (fig. 23). Breeds on Pimelea sericea (Thymelaeaceae). Similar in size and coloration to W. pomaderri, but that species lacking the erect black setae on the head and pronotum and having an incomplete secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 3.81–4.11, ratio l/w  =  3.03. COLORATION (pl. 3): Pronotum pale with a few brown spots; hemelytron mostly pale or yellow, corium and clavus with dirty areas; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, especially within cells, veins white; venter light yellow; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with suberect black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.75; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.48; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium very long, reaching well onto pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 23): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.15; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, smoothly curving over entire length; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.61; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Pimelea Banks and Sol. ex Gaertn. (Thymelaeaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Pimelea sericea R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae) (pl. 12A, B).

Distribution (map 4)

Known only from the type locality in southeastern Tasmania.

Discussion

The host of W. pimelei is restricted to Tasmania.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Mt. Wellington, the Pinnacle, 42.89555°S 147.2374°E, 1267 m, 15 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Pimelea sericea R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658212, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00194161) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Mt. Wellington, the Pinnacle, 42.89555°S 147.2374°E, 1267 m, 15 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Pimelea sericea R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658212, 4♂ (00194158, 00194160, 00194162, 00194164), 2♀ (00194168, 00194169) (AM), 15♂ (00194148–00194153–00194157, 00194163, 00194165–00194167), 3♀ (00194170–00194172) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris pinocchii, new species

Figures 24, 25; map 4; plate 3

Figure 24

Wallabicoris pinocchii, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. C. Setae on corium adjacent to claval suture. D. Pretarsus in frontal view. E. Detail of dorsomedian sensillum (dorsal arolium). F. Abdomen in lateral view. G. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00129219).

Figure 25

Wallabicoris pinocchii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00129216).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 3), the moderate size, with a mean total length of 4.99, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma smoothly curving, relatively short proximad of the secondary gonopore and greatly elongate and nearly straight apicad of the secondary gonopore, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a very broad undulation, and the left paramere moderately elongate, with a distinct shoulder on the posterior process, open over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 25), with a distinct tubular (fingerlike) apex, somewhat exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose (fig. 24G), and the phallotheca with a distinct keel on the dorsal surface. Head conspicuously projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes, mean ratio width head/length head 3.35, interocular distance small, less than one-fourth width of head (mean 0.23). Breeds on Pimelea spp. (Thymelaeaceae). Size larger than all similarly colored species feeding on Lamiaceae, except W. dicrastyli. Smaller than all of the chalk-white Asteraceae-feeding species. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species with a broken secondary endosomal strap, a short apex of the endosoma distad of the secondary gonopore, and a blunt apex on the left paramere, rather than the fingerlike projection seen in W. pinocchii.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 4.76–5.21, ratio (l/w  =  3.54). COLORATION (pl. 3): Pronotum unicolorous pale; scutellum golden; hemelytron unicolorous pale; markings on cuneus absent; membrane unicolorous pale, extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with erect and suberect black setae, especially on pronotum, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.11 (fig. 24A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 2 diameters above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.36; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium reaching to midpoint of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 25): Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap greatly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 5.50; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body tapered toward apex, apex elongate nipplelike; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.06; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the noselike protuberance on the apex of the left paramere, after the Pinocchio in Carlo Collodi's story for children.

Hosts

Recorded from Pimelea glauca R. Br., and Pimelea longiflora longiflora R. Br. (pl. 12D), Pimelea linifolia collina (R. Br.) Threlfall (pl. 12C), and Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (pl. 12E) (Thymelaeaceae). We put little credence in the record from Cassytha racemosa Nees (Lauraceae) as accurate, even though one of the specimens is a nymph; this apparently represents a mislabeling, with the evidence indicating that all occurrences at the site of the Cassytha records actually are from Pimelea sylvestris.

Distribution (map 4)

Known from far southwestern Western Australia and the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales.

Discussion

Pimelea longiflora and P. sylvestris are restricted to the near coastal areas of extreme southwestern Western Australia. Pimelea glauca and P. linifolia are both very widely distributed in the wetter regions of South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, and southern Queensland. On the basis of these distributions we would not expect to see much range expansion for W. pinocchii in Western Australia, but might see substantial expansion in the east. The issue of whether collections from the west and the east represent the same species may well be worth investigating, even though our examination of morphological characters offers no distinction among specimens from the two regions.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Point Rd Campground. Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.09361°S 115.01638°E, 50 m, 02 Dec 1998, G. Cassis, Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227607, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00090108) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 km W of Caves Road, Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.1497°S 115.0657°E, 100 m, 04 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, 3♂ (00129281–00129283), 6♀ (00129290–00129295) Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05671140, 30♂ (00129208–00129213–00129218–00129221, 00129265–00129280) 10♀ (00129232–00129236–00129239–00129241) (AMNH), 6♂ (00129222–00129227) 7♀ (00129296–00129302) (WAMP). 10.1 km W of Broke Inlet Road on Chesapeak Road, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, 34.85263°S 116.3945°E, 20 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Pimelea longiflora longiflora R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05672104, 17♂ (00087415, 00087577, 00090177–00090182, 00090184–00090186, 00090188–00090193), 19♀ (00090514–00090530, 00090539–00090540) (AM), 1♂ (00090171), 3♀ (00090533–00090535) (CNC), 6♂ (00090169, 00090172, 00090183, 00090187, 00090194–00090195), 2♀ (00090531, 00090532) (UNSW), 1♂ (00090170), 3♀ (00090536–00090538) (USNM), 4♂ (00090173–00090176), 14♀ (00090541–00090554) (WAMP), 1♂ (00087416) (ZISP). Brand Hiway 18.8 km S of jct with Cervantes Rd, 30.4713°S 115.3642°E, 203 m, 07 Nov 2004, Cassis, Weirauch, Tatarnic, Symonds, Pimelea imbricata var. piligera (Benth.) Diels (Thymelaeaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6988172, 5♂ (00369037–00369041), 7♀ (00369042–00369048) (AMNH). Point Rd Campground. Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.09361°S 115.02416°E, 74 m, 03 Dec 1998, G. Cassis, Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. Perth Staff PERTH05227607, 1♂ (00087426) (AM), Cassytha racemosa Nees (Lauraceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227259, 3♀ (00090166–00090168) (ZISP). Point Rd Campground. Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.09361°S 115.01638°E, 50 m, 02 Dec 1998, G. Cassis, 1♂ (00087104), 1♀ (00087105) Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227607, 5♂ (00090104–00090107, 00090109), 12♀ (00090119–00090130) (AM), 1♂ (00090110), 8♀ (00090111–00090118) (WAMP).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 3 km E of Retreat (W of Uralla), 30.63335°S 151.1167°E, 900 m, 23 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pimelea linifolia collina (R. Br.) Threlfall (Thymelaeaceae), det. D.C. Godden 1996 NSW 395917, 5♂ (00089212, 00132214–00132217), 10♀ (00089210, 00132219–00132227), 2 nymphs (00089211, 00132218) (AM), 1♀ (00132228) (AMNH). 7 km S of Mt. Kaputar, 30.281°S 150.167°E, 24 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pimelea glauca R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. D.C. Godden NSW 398562, 1♀ (00089214) (AM). Ulladulla, 35.21°S 150.29°E, 29 May 1989, G. Cassis, Pimelea sp. (Thymelaeaceae), 1♂ (00089215), 1♀ (00089213) (AM). Western Australia: 2 km W of Caves Road, Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.1497°S 115.0657°E, 100 m, 04 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, 6 nymphs (00129284–00129289) Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05671140, 4 nymphs (00129228–00129231) (AMNH). 10.1 km W of Broke Inlet Road on Chesapeak Road, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, 34.85263°S 116.3945°E, 20 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Pimelea longiflora longiflora R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05672104, 20 nymphs (00090494–00090513) (AM). Point Rd Campground. Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.09361°S 115.02416°E, 74 m, 03 Dec 1998, G. Cassis, Cassytha racemosa Nees (Lauraceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227259, 7♂ (00090132–00090138), 27♀ (00090139–00090165), 1 nymph (00089986) (AM), 3♂ (00089976–00089978), 7♀ (00089979–00089985) (UNSW). Point Rd Campground. Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.09361°S 115.01638°E, 50 m, 02 Dec 1998, G. Cassis, Pimelea sylvestris R. Br. (Thymelaeaceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227607, 1 nymph (00090131) (AM).

Wallabicoris pityrodiellus, new species

Figure 26; map 1; plate 3

Figure 26

Wallabicoris pityrodiellus, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00181870).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the presence of numerous small dark spots on the hemelytra but not on the pronotum (pl. 3); tibial spines without dark spots at bases; apical half of endosoma straight, erect, and elongate, secondary endosomal strap with a broad undulation proximally; left paramere greatly elongate, open over most of dorsal surface (fig. 26), greatly extending beyond margin of pygophore in repose. Most similar to W. halganii in the presence of spots on the hemelytra, but spots present on the pronotum in that species, and tibiae with distinct spots at the bases of spines.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, ovoid, total length 5.17–6.02, ratio l/w  =  3.14. COLORATION (pl. 3): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron unicolorous pale with small brown spots; markings on cuneus present as individual small brown spots; membrane weakly fumose over entire areas, extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter light green; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.21 antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.47; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 26): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.75; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex, apex elongate nipplelike; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.33; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus Pityrodia R. Br. (Lamiaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Pityrodia cuneata (Gaudich.) Benth. (Lamiaceae).

Distribution (map 1)

Known only from the Shark Bay region of Western Australia.

Discussion

Pityrodia cuneata is restricted to the Shark Bay region of Western Australia and, on the basis of present knowledge, so is W. pityrodiellus.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 24 km SE of jct of Manga Rd and Shark Bay Rd, Shark Bay World Heritage Area, 26.39014°S 114.0094°E, 60 m, 26 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Pityrodia cuneata (Gaudich.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6989950, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00090028) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 24 km SE of jct of Manga Rd and Shark Bay Rd, Shark Bay World Heritage Area, 26.39014°S 114.0094°E, 60 m, 26 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Pityrodia cuneata (Gaudich.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6989950, 13♂ (00181858–00181870), 14♀ (00090836–00090847, 00181885–00181886) (AMNH), 3♂ (00090029–00090031), 3♀ (00181882–00181884) (UNSW), 7♂ (00090032–00090038), 17♀ (00090848–00090858, 00181871–00181876) (WAMP). Useless Loop Rd ca. 20 km W of jct with Shark Bay Rd, 26.56331°S 113.9338°E, 30 m, 25 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Pityrodia cuneata (Gaudich.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), det. Field ID, 4♀ (00369033–00369036) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 8 km N of Nerren Nerren High School, 27.0567°S 114.63°E, 25 Sep 1985, R.P. McMillan, Prostanthera sp. (Labiatae), 1♂ (00202571) (AMNH), 2♂ (00202572, 00202573), 1♀ (00202574) (WAMP). 24 km SE of jct of Manga Rd and Shark Bay Rd, Shark Bay World Heritage Area, 26.39014°S 114.0094°E, 60 m, 26 Oct 2004, Cassis, Wall, Weirauch, Symonds, Pityrodia cuneata (Gaudich.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6989950, 2♂ (00090026–00090027), 5♀ (00181877–00181881) (AM), 1♀ (00302770) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris pityrodii, new species

Figures 27, 28; map 1; plate 4

Figure 27

Wallabicoris pityrodii, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. C. Pretarsus in frontal view. D. Abdomen in lateral view. E. Pygophore in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00136933).

Figure 28

Wallabicoris pityrodii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00129643).

Diagnosis

Structure of left paramere unique among Wallabicoris spp., the body of paramere greatly elongate, flattened, tonguelike, and with the anterior process placed about midway along the margin of the paramere (fig. 28); paramere projecting well beyond margin of pygophore; secondary endosomal strap without undulation or twisting; phallotheca with a dorsal crest. Body moderately large and broad, mean total length 5.28, mean ratio total length/pronotal width 3.17. Head distinctly projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes, mean ratio head length/head width 2.52. General coloration pale, dirty yellow (pl. 4); vestiture of dorsum mostly pale, reclining. Similar in size and breadth of body to W. dicrastyli, but coloration in that species more nearly white, left paramere with anterior process arising in line with paramere shaft, and secondary endosomal strap with a very broad subbasal undulation. Breeds on Pityrodia and Cyanostegia spp. (Lamiaceae).

Description

Male: Body very elongate ovoid, total length 5.13–5.46, ratio l/w  =  3.17. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron mostly pale; markings on cuneus present as partial infuscation; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter light green; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.47 (fig. 27A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.45; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium reaching to margin of pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 27, D–F, 28): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.67; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap, very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, smoothly curving over entire length; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising near middle or anterodorsal margin; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.25; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus Pityrodia R. Br. (Lamiaceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Pityrodia terminalis (Endl.) A.S. George (pls. 9D, 10A, B) and Cyanostegia angustifolia Turcz. (Lamiaceae) (pl. 10C, D). The single record from Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. may be the result of commingling specimens in the field.

Distribution (map 1)

Know from the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

Pityrodia terminalis and Cyanostegia angustifolia are nearly sympatric in their distribution across the wheat belt of southwestern Western Australia. Thus, further collecting might show that W. pityrodii roughly conforms to the distribution of its hosts.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Just E of Lake King, 33.08747°S 119.6931°E, 350 m, 22 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Pityrodia terminalis (Endl.) A.S. George (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670373, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00129641) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2.1 km S of Coorow-Greenhead Rd, on Cockleshell Gully Rd, 30.08751°S 115.12°E, 156 m, 06 Nov 2004, Cassis, Weirauch, Tatarnic, Symonds, Pityrodia bartlingii (Lehm.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6987494, 3♂ (00369062–00369064), 8♀ (00369065–00369072) (AMNH). 123 km W of Coolgardie on Great Eastern Hiway, 31.23414°S 120.1562°E, 17 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Cyanostegia angustifolia Turcz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670640, 1♂ (00136948), 2♀ (00136968, 00136974) (AMNH). Lake King, 33.08715°S 119.2456°E, 350 m, 05 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Pityrodia terminalis (Endl.) A.S. George (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05236886, 13♂ (00087119, 00089558–00089566, 00089568–00089570), 13♀ (00087430, 00089567, 00089571–00089581) (AM), 39♂ (00134904–00134916–00134918–00134938–00134942), 15♀ (00132090–00132098, 00134963, 00134965, 00134969, 00134993–00134994, 00135044) (AMNH), 6♀ (00089608–00089613) (UNSW), 10♂ (00089548–00089557), 71♀ (00089582–00089603, 00134995–00135043) (WAMP). Southern Cross, 31.21666°S 119.33333°E, 08 Oct 1983, R.P. McMillan, 1♂ (00202568 [cat 94/240]), 2♀ (00202569 [cat 94/239], 00202570 [cat 94/241]) (WAMP). just E of Lake King, 33.08747°S 119.6931°E, 350 m, 22 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, 11♂ (00089189–00089193, 00090270–00090275) (AM), 1♂ (00129638), 30♀ (00129646–00129662–00129670–00129675) (AMNH), 6♂ (00090276–00090281) (UNSW).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2.1 km S of Coorow-Greenhead Rd, on Cockleshell Gully Rd, 30.08751°S 115.12°E, 156 m, 06 Nov 2004, Cassis, Weirauch, Tatarnic, Symonds, Pityrodia bartlingii (Lehm.) Benth. (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH6987494, 7 nymphs (00369073–00369079) (AMNH). 13.5 km W of Nungarin on Rt 50, 31.11547°S 117.945°E, 300 m, 16 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Pityrodia terminalis (Endl.) A.S. George (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670160, 1♂ (00089614), 4♀ (00089615–00089618) (AM). 28 km S of Menzies, 29.92835°S 121.1231°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Newcastelia insignis E. Pritz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff, 1♂ (00133144) (AMNH). 123 km W of Coolgardie on Great Eastern Hiway, 31.23414°S 120.1562°E, 17 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Cyanostegia angustifolia Turcz. (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670640, 18♂ (00136932–00136947, 00136949–00136950), 22♀ (00136951–00136967, 00136969–00136973) (AMNH). Lake King, 33.08715°S 119.2456°E, 350 m, 05 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Pityrodia terminalis (Endl.) A.S. George (Chloanthaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05236886, 12♂ (00089267–00089278), 18♀ (00087120, 00089279–00089291, 00089604–00089607) (AM), 9♂ (00101992–00101995, 00134945–00134949), 38♀ (00132099–00132107, 00134953–00134962, 00134964, 00134966–00134968, 00134970–00134984), 3 nymphs (00134950–00134952) (AMNH), 3♂ (00132087–00132089), 2♀ (00134985, 00134986) (ANIC), 2♀ (00134991, 00134992) (CNC), 2♂ (00134943, 00134944), 2♀ (00134989, 00134990) (USNM), 2♀ (00134987, 00134988) (ZISP). just E of Lake King, 33.08747°S 119.6931°E, 350 m, 22 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, 48♀ (00089194–00089209, 00090238–00090269) (AM), 4♂ (00129637, 00129642–00129643, 00129810), 4♀ (00129811–00129814) (AMNH), 2♂ (00129639, 00129640) (CNC), 2♂ (00129644, 00129645) (ZISP).

Wallabicoris pomaderri, new species

Figure 29; map 2; plate 4

Figure 29

Wallabicoris pomaderri, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00172724).

Diagnosis

Coloration of dorsum a mixture of transparent, golden brown, and faint green (pl. 4). Size and coloration similar to W. pimelei, but that species with heavy, erect, black setae on head and pronotum, whereas W. pomaderri with mostly pale reclining setae. Form of endosoma shared with W. rhamnicola and W. spyridii, species with numerous red spots on the dorsum, the secondary endosomal strap incomplete, with a large gap between proximal end of secondary gonopore and remainder of strap (fig. 29), but W. pomaderri without red spots on the dorsum and with an apically acuminate left paramere as opposed to the blunt form seen in the other two species; secondary endosomal strap complete in W. pimelei. Secondary endosomal strap also incomplete in W. rutidosi, but in that species the strap broken medially and with a relatively long section attached to the secondary gonopore. Breeds on Pomaderris sp. (Rhamnaceae).

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 3.86–4.03, ratio l/w  =  2.96. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum dirty yellow with a pale, median, longitudinal strip; hemelytron mostly dirty yellow, corium and clavus with dirty areas; markings on cuneus present as partial infuscation on posterior half; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, veins white; venter light green; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Barely projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  5.17; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.43; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 29): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.33; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching midway to gonopore from major bend in endosoma; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.50; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Pomaderris Labill. (Rhamnaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Pomaderris oraria subsp. calcicola N.G. Walsh (Rhamnaceae).

Distribution (map 2)

Known from a single collecting event in southwestern Victoria.

Discussion

Pomaderris oraria ranges along the south coast from Adelaide to west of Melbourne and also occurs on the north coast of Tasmania. We might therefore expect to find range extensions for W. pomaderri within this area.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Lower Glenelg National Park, 38.0476°S 141.1596°E, 20 m, 07 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Pomaderris oraria subsp. calcicola N.G. Walsh (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658131, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00172727) (MVMA).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Lower Glenelg National Park, 38.0476°S 141.1596°E, 20 m, 07 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Pomaderris oraria subsp. calcicola N.G. Walsh (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658131, 2♂ (00172725–00172726), 8♀ (00172728–00172733, 00172743–00172744) (AM), 2♂ (00172723–00172724), 5♀ (00172735–00172737, 00172741, 00172746) (AMNH) 2♀ (00172745, 00172747) (MVMA), 1♂ (00172748), 5♀ (00172734, 00172738–00172740, 00172742) (UNSW).

Wallabicoris prostantheri, new species

Figure 30; map 1; plate 4

Figure 30

Wallabicoris prostantheri, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00090055).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 4), the moderate size, with a mean total length of 4.70, and the structure of the male genitalia, the apical portion of the endosoma strongly curving, of moderate length proximad of the secondary gonopore and greatly elongate and strongly curving apicad of the secondary gonopore, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and short submedial twist, and the left paramere weakly elongate, with a distinct shoulder on the posterior process, closed over most of the dorsal surface (fig. 30), and somewhat exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose. Head only moderately projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes, mean ratio width head/length head 3.75, interocular distance small, just less than one-third width of head (mean 0.31). Breeds on Prostanthera spp. (Lamiaceae). Size larger than all similarly colored Lamiaceae-feeding species, except W. dicrastyli; slightly smaller than the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii. Smaller than all the chalk-white Asteraceae-feeding species. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species with a broken secondary endosomal strap and a short apex of the endosoma distad of the secondary gonopore.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 4.19–5.31, ratio l/w  =  3.44. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum unicolorous pale; hemelytron unicolorous pale; markings on cuneus absent; membrane unicolorous pale, extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter light green; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with black setae intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.72; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.49; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 30): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap greatly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.83; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.00; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Prostanthera Labill. (Lamiaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Prostanthera campbellii F. Muell. (Lamiaceae) (pl. 9C).

Distribution (map 1)

Know from a single collecting event in the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Discussion

Prostanthera campbellii is distributed from the Goldfields of Western Australia north to the Pilbara. Thus, we might expect a corresponding distribution for W. prostantheri, on the assumption that it is host specific.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies (3.5 km E of Hiway), 29.91917°S 121.1514°E, 500 m, 25 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Prostanthera campbellii F. Muell. (Lamiaceae) PERTH 05099714, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00090056) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 28 km S of Menzies (3.5 km E of Hiway), 29.91917°S 121.1514°E, 500 m, 25 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Prostanthera campbellii F. Muell. (Lamiaceae) PERTH 05099714, 2♂ (00090057, 00090058), 3♀ (00090063, 00090070–00090071) (AM), 3♂ (00090055, 00090061–00090062), 2♀ (00090067, 00090068) (AMNH), 2♀ (00090069, 00090072) (UNSW), 2♂ (00090059, 00090060), 3♀ (00090064–00090066) (WAMP). Ca 35 km S of Menzies, 29.96214°S 121.1323°E, 600 m, 24 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Prostanthera campbellii F. Muell. (Lamiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05099714, 1♂ (00087259), 1♀ (00087260) (AM).

Wallabicoris pultenaei, new species

Figures 31–33; map 2; plate 4

Figure 31

Wallabicoris pultenaei, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on pronotum. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in ventral view. E. Abdomen in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00089410).

Figure 32

Wallabicoris pultenaei, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00089343).

Figure 33

Wallabicoris pultenaei, female genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00132258).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the relatively small size, generally greenish coloration of the dorsum with a strongly contrasting red clavus and endocorium (pl. 4), small eyes, broad vertex, very weakly elevated pronotum, and weakly but distinctly convex costal margin of the hemelytron. Labium reaching from middle of abdomen to midpoint of pygophore; left paramere elongate, broad, and projecting well beyond margin of pygophore; secondary strap of endosoma bifurcate submedially (fig. 32), similar to condition in W. cuneotinctus, W. spyridiellus, W. thomasii, and W. trymalii.

Description

Male: Body elongate ovoid, total length 3.26–3.55, ratio l/w  =  3.03. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum mostly faded green with a medial longitudinal pale stripe; clavus and posterior half of endocorium red, remainder of corium pale to weakly green; cuneus solid orange on posterior half; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder heavily fumose over most of area, veins red; venter light green; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.77 (fig. 31A); antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.52; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium reaching to margin of pygophore. GENITALIA (figs. 31E, F, 32): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap short apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.50; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, bifurcating at about midpoint; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.91; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex tapered.

Female: GENITALIA: Figure 33.

Etymology

Named for its host genus, Pultenaea Sm. (Fabaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Bruce ex Sims (Fabaceae) (pl. 8A).

Distribution (map 2)

Known from two collecting events in Little Desert National Park, western Victoria.

Discussion

Pultenaea tenuifolia is distributed broadly across the south coast of Australia, including the north coast of Tasmania, but with most records from southwestern Victoria, adjacent South Australia, and the Eyre Peninsula. We surmise that the limited known distribution for W. pultenaei is indicative of the need for additional field effort.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Little Desert National Park, 14 km E on McDonald Hiway, 36.56668°S 141.4°E, 150 m, 04 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. P.H. Weston 1996 NSW 395987, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00089341) (MVMA).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62648°S 140.8698°E, 100 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Spyridium sp. (Rhamnaceae), det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427521, 1♂ (00130396) (AMNH). Victoria: 13 km S of Kaniva, 36.50001°S 141.2167°E, 150 m, 03 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. P.H. Weston 1996 NSW 395981, 13♂ (00132724–00132736), 14♀ (00132742–00132755) (AMNH). Little Desert National Park, 14 km E on McDonald Hiway, 36.56668°S 141.4°E, 150 m, 04 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. P.H. Weston 1996 NSW 395987, 95♂ (00087281, 00087486, 00089326–00089332, 00089338–00089340, 00089342–00089345, 00089357–00089360, 00089362, 00089364–00089366, 00089368–00089369, 00089371–00089375, 00089395–00089397, 00089402–00089423, 00089425, 00089460–00089481, 00089502–00089516, 00181908), 63♀ (00089347–00089353, 00089356, 00089376–00089386, 00089388–00089393, 00089428–00089447, 00089484–00089501) (AM), 58♂ (00089361, 00089363, 00089367, 00089370, 00131851–00131865, 00132229–00132241, 00132677–00132702), 46♀ (00089325, 00089354, 00089387, 00089483, 00131880–00131894, 00132242–00132257–00132258, 00132704–00132713) (AMNH), 4♂ (00089314–00089317), 5♀ (00089320–00089324) (ANIC), 3♂ (00131872–00131874) (CNC), 7♂ (00089311–00089313, 00089398–00089401), 6♀ (00087282, 00089448–00089452) (MVMA), 8♂ (00089298–00089304, 00089337), 8♀ (00089307–00089310, 00089333–00089336) (UNSW), 3♂ (00131866–00131868), 3♀ (00131877–00131879) (USNM), 3♂ (00131869–00131871), 2♀ (00131875, 00131876) (ZISP). Little Desert National Park, McDonald Highway, 36.58255°S 141.6418°E, 190 m, 05 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658113, 2♀ (00181887, 00181888) (CNC).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: 13 km S of Kaniva, 36.50001°S 141.2167°E, 150 m, 03 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. P.H. Weston 1996 NSW 395981, 5 nymphs (00132737–00132741) (AMNH). Little Desert National Park, 14 km E on McDonald Hiway, 36.56668°S 141.4°E, 150 m, 04 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. P.H. Weston 1996 NSW 395987, 11 nymphs (00089305, 00089453–00089459, 00089517–00089519) (AM), Pultenaea tenuifolia R. Br. ex Sims (Fabaceae), det. P.H. Weston 1996 NSW 395987, 1 nymph (00132703) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris rhamnicola, new species

Figure 34; map 2; plate 4

Figure 34

Wallabicoris rhamnicola, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00172689).

Diagnosis

Among those species with numerous red spots on the dorsum (pl. 4), most similar to W. spyridii, the left paramere being short, deep bodied, and blunt apically, secondary endosomal strap incomplete, with a large gap between proximal end of secondary gonopore and remainder of strap (fig. 34); the broken strap also seen in a similar form in the Rhamnaceae feeder W. pomaderri, but that species without red spots on the dorsum and with an apically acuminate left paramere, and in W. rutidosi, but in that species the strap broken medially and with a relatively long section attached to the secondary gonopore.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 3.79–4.14, ratio l/w  =  2.97. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum heavily covered with carmine botches, pale along midline and sometimes more broadly; scutellum mostly pale with some red or carmine spots or blotches; hemelytron with a few red or carmine spots on anterior half of corium; broad, solid red fascia present on corium just anterior to cuneal fracture; red markings on clavus solid over most of area with apex pale; cuneus pale on basal half, solid orange or red over most of remaining area; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly to strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with erect or suberect black setae, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.45; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.44; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 34): Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.96; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching midway to gonopore from major bend in endosoma; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma; fingerlike protuberance at distal margin of secondary gonopore absent. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed posteriorly; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.33; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for its occurrence on species of Rhamnaceae.

Hosts

Recorded only from Spyridium vexilliferum (Hook.) Reissek (Rhamnaceae).

Distribution (map 2)

Known from a single collecting event in southwestern Victoria.

Discussion

The distribution of Spyridium vexilliferum ranges from southwestern Victoria to the Eyre Peninsula as well as most of Tasmania. We surmise that the single locality for W. pultenaei is indicative of the need for additional field effort.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Discovery Bay National Park, Swan Lake Beach area, 38.21766°S 141.3098°E, 33 m, 08 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Spyridium vexilliferum (Hook.) Reissek (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658136, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00172696) (MVMA).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Discovery Bay National Park, Swan Lake Beach area, 38.21766°S 141.3098°E, 33 m, 08 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Spyridium vexilliferum (Hook.) Reissek (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658136, 7♂ (00172702–00172705, 00172707–00172709) (AM), 15♂ (00172688–00172695, 00172697–00172701, 00172706, 00172713), 25♀ (00172655–00172676, 00172680, 00172684, 00172687) (AMNH), 2♂ (00172720, 00172721), 2♀ (00172685, 00172686) (MVMA), 9♂ (00172710–00172712, 00172714–00172719), 6♀ (00172677–00172679, 00172681–00172683) (UNSW).

Wallabicoris rutidosi, new species

Figures 35, 36; map 3; plate 4

Figure 35

Wallabicoris rutidosi, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on clavus. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in frontal view. E. Abdomen in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00130210).

Figure 36

Wallabicoris rutidosi, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00089627).

Diagnosis

The only Wallabicoris sp. with a medial break in the secondary endosomal strap (fig. 35); some Rhamnaceae/Sterculiaceae feeders have a discontinuous secondary strap, but in those species the strap is absent from the proximal end of the secondary gonopore. Recognized among those species with heavily yellow coloration by the nonuniform yellow dorsum having a checkerboard pattern (pl. 4), by the moderate size, mean total length 4.87, the head weakly projecting beyond the anterior margin of the eyes, ratio head length/head width 3.19, the left paramere relatively short and deep bodied and only moderately projecting beyond margin of pygophore (fig. 36), and the secondary endosomal strap discontinuous, with a short medial break (fig. 36). Breeds on Rutidosis helichrysoides (Asteraceae). Similar to W. chrysocephali and W. maralinga in the relatively short, deep-bodied left paramere only moderately projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore, but coloration of dorsum in W. rutidosi not so uniformly yellow in many specimens. Distinguished from W. sandstonensis and W. waitzii by the much more elongate left paramere in those species projecting well beyond the margin of the pygophore, and the longer, more slender body, and uniform, more intensely yellow coloration in W. waitzii. Potentially confused with W. commoni, but that species substantially larger, mean total length 5.60, and with an unbroken secondary endosomal strap with a very broad subbasal undulation.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, parallel sided, total length 4.67–5.11, l/w  =  3.36. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum unicolorous faded yellow; hemelytron mostly pale or faded yellow with some dirty areas; markings on cuneus present as partial infuscation; membrane with extreme base with an elongate fumose marking, remainder partially fumose, especially within cells, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, dirty yellow with pale medial seta; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.18 (fig. 35A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.39; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium reaching to midpoint of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 35E, F, 36): Endosoma: Base moderately long with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 1.95; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, broken at about midpoint; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 2.65; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Rutidosis DC (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).

Hosts

Recorded on multiple collecting events from Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae) (pl. 7B, C). The records from Amyema and Eremophila are either sitting records or the result of commingling specimens in the field.

Distribution (map 3)

Widely distributed from central Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia) west into Queensland and New South Wales.

Discussion

Rutidosis helichrysoides is very broadly distributed across the arid interior of Australia. Known records for W. rutidosi are from the Eyre Basin, although the actual distribution will require further sampling, to determine whether it is host specific and whether its distribution is coterminous with that of its host.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: ∼44 km E of Stuart Hiway on Ernest Giles Rd, 24.56668°S 132.6815°E, 494 m, 30 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW666245, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00098432) (NTM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 21 km E of Stuart Hiway on Ernest Giles Rd, 24.56668°S 132.8539°E, 471 m, 29 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658415, 4♂ (00098305–00098308), 16♀ (00098309–00098311–00098324) (AMNH). 25.3 km NW of Bond Springs on Tanami Rd, 23.51668°S 133.6212°E, 746 m, 21 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658290, 9♂ (00097213–00097219, 00181906, 00097308), 21♀ (00097287–00097307) (AM), 14♂ (00097220–00097224–00097232, 00097236), 39♀ (00097248–00097286) (AMNH), 3♂ (00097233–00097235), 6♀ (00097242–00097247) (UNSW), 1♂ (00097237) (ZISP). 74.2 km NW of Bond Springs on Tanami Rd, 23.41668°S 133.2307°E, 671 m, 22 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. field ID NSW 658290, 8♂ (00097414–00097421), 19♀ (00097331–00097340, 00097342–00097350) (AM), 14♂ (00097397, 00097401–00097413), 42♀ (00097309–00097322, 00097341, 00097351–00097376, 00097392) (AMNH), 1♂ (00097398), 7♀ (00097381–00097387) (ANIC), 1♂ (00097399) (CNC), Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. field ID NSW 658290, 4♂ (00097393–00097396), 8♀ (00097323–00097330) (UNSW), 1♂ (00097400), 4♀ (00097377–00097380) (USNM), 4♀ (00097388–00097391) (ZISP). Trephina Gorge National Park, John Hayes Rockpool Campground, 23.53334°S 134.3542°E, 580 m, 25 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, 1♂ (00098274), 1♀ (00098275) (AM). West MacDonnell National Park, Road to Ormiston Gorge, 23.65001°S 132.7242°E, 664 m, 05 Nov 2001, Schuh and Schwartz, Amyema preissii (Miq.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), det. NSW staff NSW666335, 2♂ (00098043, 00098044) (AM). ∼44 km E of Stuart Hiway on Ernest Giles Rd, 24.56668°S 132.6815°E, 494 m, 30 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW666245, 3♂ (00098430–00098431, 00098433), 5♀ (00098434–00098438) (AM).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 25.3 km NW of Bond Springs on Tanami Rd, 23.51668°S 133.6212°E, 746 m, 21 Oct 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Wall, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658290, 4 nymphs (00097238–00097241) (AMNH). 39 km E of Alice Springs, 23.68333°S 134.25°E, 26 Sep 1978, M.S. Upton, 5♂ (00168775–00168779) (ANIC). 53 km E by N of Alice Springs, 23.355°S 134.22°E, 06 Oct 1978, Upton & Barrett, 2♂ (00168771, 00168772) (ANIC). Queensland: 73.7 km E of Betoota, 25.60813°S 141.3999°E, 180 m, 03 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, 6♀ (00194522–00194527) (AMNH). South Australia: 1 km N of Innamincka, Cooper Creek, 27.73124°S 140.7364°E, 120 m, 05 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Rutidosis helichrysoides DC. (Asteraceae), det. Det: Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427519, 5♂ (00087121, 00087431, 00089627, 00089660–00089661), 63♀ (00087122, 00089629, 00089631–00089652, 00089665–00089693, 00089701–00089710), 11 nymphs (00089653–00089658, 00089711–00089715) (AM), 10♂ (00089628, 00089659, 00089662, 00089664, 00130223–00130225, 00136606–00136608), 56♀ (00130226–00130274, 00136610–00136616), 1 nymph (00136609) (AMNH), 1♂ (00089663), 7♀ (00089694–00089700) (UNSW). 45km NE of Welbourn Hill, 27.05°S 134.36666°E, 20 Sep 1978, Upton & Barrett, 2♂ (00168808, 00168809) (ANIC). Cadelga Homestead, 26.08949°S 140.4106°E, 150 m, 04 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, 2♂ (00130210, 00130211) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris sandstonensis, new species

Figure 37; map 4; plate 5

Figure 37

Wallabicoris sandstonensis, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00090043).

Diagnosis

Recognized among those species with heavily yellow coloration by the faded yellow dorsum (pl. 5), by the relatively small size, mean total length 4.50, the head conspicuously projecting beyond the anterior margin of the eyes, ratio head length/head width 2.58, the left paramere greatly elongate and strongly projecting beyond margin of pygophore (fig. 37), and the secondary endosomal strap with a very broad and deep submedial undulation (fig. 37). Host unknown. Similar to W. waitzii in the elongate left paramere strongly projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore, but coloration of dorsum in W. waitzii more uniformly and intensely yellow and the body much more strongly elongate than in W. sandstonensis. Distinguished from W. chrysocephali, W. maralinga, and W. rutidosi by the much shorter, more deep-bodied left paramere in those species only moderately projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore. Potentially confused with W. commoni, that species with uniform yellowish coloration, but larger with a mean total length of 5.60; secondary endosomal strap with a broad subbasal undulation similar to that seen in W. sandstonensis, but left paramere in W. commoni much more deep bodied than in W. sandstonensis.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, nearly parallel sided, total length 4.25–4.70, l/w  =  3.29. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum unicolorous yellow; hemelytron mostly yellow, endocorium with dirty areas; markings on cuneus present as partial but weak infuscation on posterior half; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter light yellow; antennal segment 1 yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.56; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.49; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 37): Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft more or less straight and erect; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.18; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.32; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the town of Sandstone, near the type locality.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Known from the Goldfields region of Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 79 km W of Sandstone, 28.03737°S 118.4983°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Light Trap, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00090050) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 79 km W of Sandstone, 28.03737°S 118.4983°E, 650 m, 26 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Light Trap, 6♂ (00090047–00090049, 00090053) (00087327, 00181907) (AM) 5♂ (00090043–00090046, 00090054) (AMNH), 2♂ (00090051, 00090052) (WAMP).

Wallabicoris schwartzi, new species

Figure 38; map 3; plate 5

Figure 38

Wallabicoris schwartzi, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00193992).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the chalk-white coloration of the body and appendages (pl. 5), the large size, with a mean total length of 5.97, and the structure of the male genitalia, the secondary strap of the endosoma complete and with a broad submedial undulation and the left paramere relatively short, without an elevated shoulder on the posterior process, closed over most of the dorsal surface, and only weakly exceeding the margin of the pygophore in repose; phallotheca heavily sclerotized, nearly black (fig. 38). Breeds on Ozothamnus spp. Somewhat larger than the similarly colored Asteraceae-feeding W. baldersoni, significantly larger than the Asteraceae-feeding W. helichrysi, W. olearii, and W. ozothamni, as well as the Lamiaceae-feeding W. dicrastyli; significantly larger still than the Thymelaeaceae-feeding W. pinocchii and the Lamiaceae-feeding W. cassisi, W. lachnostachyos, W. newcastelii, W. paradicrastyli, and W. prostantheri. Potentially confused with W. rutidosi, but that species much smaller, mean total length 4.87, and with a broken secondary endosomal strap.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.67–6.16, l/w  =  3.43. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum unicolorous pale, nearly white; hemelytron unicolorous pale, nearly white; markings on cuneus absent; membrane partially fumose, extreme base unicolorous with remainder, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with a few brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.64; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.42; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 38): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.17; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface with a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.25; body rounded laterally; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for Michael D. Schwartz, collector of all known specimens.

Hosts

Recorded from Ozothamnus spp., including O. ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet, Ozothamnus argophyllus (A. Cunn. ex DC.) Anderb. (pl. 6A, B) and O. rosmarinifolius (Labill.) DC (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).

Distribution (map 3)

Tasmania.

Discussion

The three species of Ozothamnus recorded as hosts for W. schwartzi occur in the near-coastal areas of Victoria as well as in Tasmania. Additional collecting might therefore extend the range of W. schwartzi onto mainland Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Arve River Picnic Ground on C632, 43.15874°S 146.8068°E, 172 m, 21 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet (Asteraceae), det. Field ID, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00194028) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: 11 km N of Cockle Creek on C636, 43.51878°S 146.88406°E, 36 m, 20 Jan 2004, M D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet (Asteraceae), det. Field ID, 4♀ (00194050–00194053) (AM), 3♂ (00194036–00194038), 5♀ (00194046–00194048, 00194049, 00194054) (AMNH). Arve River Picnic Ground on C632, 43.15874°S 146.8068°E, 172 m, 21 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet (Asteraceae), det. Field ID, 4♂ (00194029–00194032) (AM), 3♂ (00194033–00194035), 3♀ (00194043–00194045) (AMNH), 3♂ (00194025–00194027), 3♀ (00194040–00194042) (ANIC). Tarraleah Power Station grounds, on A10, NW of Hamilton, 42.29848°S 146.4584°E, 366 m, 22 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius (Labill.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. Field ID, 37♂ (00102002, 00102009–00102017–00102019–00102037, 00193987–00193992), 25♀ (00193993–00194005–00194006, 00194014–00194015–00194018–00194024) (AMNH), 3♂ (00102006–00102008), 2♀ (00194011, 00194012) (CNC), 6♂ (00101999–00102001, 00102003–00102005), 4♀ (00194007–00194010) (UNSW).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: 8.3 km S of Couta Rocks, C214, 41.23204°S 144.69202°E, 10 m, 24 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus argophyllus (A. Cunn. ex DC.) Anderb. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658250, 1♂ (00194087), 3♀ (00194088–00194090) (AM). 31.6 km NW of Queenstown on Zeehan Hwy, 41.91608°S 145.41711°E, 193 m, 23 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, 1♂ (00194055), 1♀ (00194056) (AM).

Wallabicoris spyridiellus, new species

Figure 39, 40; map 2; plate 5

Figure 39

Wallabicoris spyridiellus, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on corium adjacent to costal margin. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in ventral view. E. Pygophore in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00128841).

Figure 40

Wallabicoris spyridiellus, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00128858).

Diagnosis

Among those species with numerous red spots on the dorsum (pl. 5), most similar to W. spyridii in the largely pale cuneus, although W. spyridii with the transverse fascia incomplete, not extending onto the exocorium usually lacking red spots, on the cuneus; secondary endosomal strap with a submedial bifurcation and left paramere elongate (fig. 40), similar to W. cuneotinctus, W. pultenaei, W. thomasii, and W. trymalii.

Description

Male: Body elongate ovoid, total length 3.93–4.12, l/w  =  2.87. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum pale with a few red spot; scutellum pale, sometimes with a few red spots; hemelytron with scattered red spots; complete, transverse, red fascia on corium present just anterior to cuneal fracture; markings on cuneus sometimes present as a few red spots; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder fumose over entire area, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with suberect black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  4.47 (fig. 39A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.48; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium very long, reaching well onto pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 39E, F, 40): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.40; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, bifurcating at about midpoint; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex, apex elongate nipplelike; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.00; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Spyridium Fenzl (Rhamnaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae) (pl. 11A, B).

Distribution (map 2)

Known from the Esperance area of south coastal Western Australia.

Discussion

Spyridium globulosum has a coastal distribution ranging from Shark Bay in the Northwest to somewhat east of Esperance. We might therefore predict a wider distribution for W. spyridiellus on the basis of the host distribution.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Duke of Orleans Bay, Table Island Picnic Area, 33.90852°S 122.5938°E, 50 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05672066, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00087997) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2.3 km E of Esperance on Fisheries Road, 33.81039°S 121.9334°E, 10 m, 23 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05672066, 1♂ (00129743), 1♀ (00129744) (AMNH). Cape Arid National Park, Thomas River Campground, 33.8539°S 123.0126°E, 20 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05672066, 1♂ (00087989) (AM), 6♂ (00128837–00128842), 8♀ (00128844–00128851) (AMNH), 1♂ (00128843), 5♀ (00087990–00087992, 00128852–00128853) (WAMP). Duke of Orleans Bay, Table Island Picnic Area, 33.90852°S 122.5938°E, 50 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. field ID, 2♂ (00087342, 00087542), 1♀ (00087343) (AM), 1♀ (00088000) (AMNH), 1♂ (00087998) (UNSW), 1♂ (00087996), 3♀ (00087999, 00088001–00088002) (WAMP). Hellfire Bay, Cape Le Grande National Park, 34.00398°S 122.1696°E, 30 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. field ID, 9♂ (00087890–00087898), 10♀ (00087900–00087905, 00087907, 00087914–00087916) (AM), 10♂ () (00087884, 00087886, 00128855, 00128857–00128863), 15♀ (00128871–00128885) (AMNH), 1♂ (00087899), 2♀ (00087912, 00087913) (UNSW), 6♂ (00087885, 00087887–00087889, 00128854, 00128856), 11♀ (00087908–00087911, 00128864–00128870) (WAMP).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Hellfire Bay, Cape Le Grande National Park, 34.00398°S 122.1696°E, 30 m, 24 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. field ID, 1♂ (00087906) (AM).

Wallabicoris spyridii, new species

Figures 41, 42; map 2; plate 5

Figure 41

Wallabicoris spyridii, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on corium near base. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in ventral view. E. Pygophore in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00129915).

Figure 42

Wallabicoris spyridii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00129916).

Diagnosis

Among those species with numerous red spots on the dorsum (pl. 5), most similar to W. spyridiellus in the largely pale cuneus, although W. spyridiellus always with a complete red transverse fascia posteriorly on the corium and sometimes with red spots on the cuneus; similar to W. rhamnicola in the left paramere being short, deep bodied, and blunt apically, secondary endosomal strap incomplete, with a large gap between proximal end of secondary gonopore and remainder of strap (fig. 42); the broken strap also seen in a similar form in the Rhamnaceae feeder W. pomaderri, but that species without red spots on the dorsum and with an apically acuminate left paramere, and in W. rutidosi, but in that species the strap broken medially and with a relatively long section attached to the secondary gonopore.

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 3.64–3.82, l/w  =  2.95. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum pale with red botches and spots; scutellum deep red; hemelytron mostly red on medial area of clavus; partial red fascia present on endocorium corium and clavus present anterior to cuneal fracture; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter heavily red laterally; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.51 (fig. 41A); antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.50; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium reaching to margin of pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 41E, F, 42): Endosoma: Base very long, with a tight U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.25; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching midway to gonopore from major bend in endosoma; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body relatively short, just exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.93; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for its host genus, Spyridium Fenzl (Rhamnaceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Spyridium sp. and S. vexilliferum (Hook.) Reissek (Rhamnaceae). The very few specimens from Calytrix tetragona Labill. (Myrtaceae) and Eutaxia (Fabaceae) are certainly the result of mislabeling or commingling of specimens in the field.

Distribution (map 2)

Known from southeastern South Australia.

Discussion

Spyridium vexilliferum has a distribution ranging from Eyre Peninsula southeast onto Tasmania, seldom occurring more than about 100 km from the coast. We might therefore predict a wider distribution for W. spyridiellus on the basis of the host distribution.

The material listed under “Other Specimens Examined” [3♂ (00087235, 00130194–00130195), 5♀ (00130196–00130198, 00130402, 00367955)] bears the same host labeling as many specimens treated as paratypes and has near identical male genitalic structure. Nonetheless, the coloration of the dorsum is almost entirely red-orange, with a few spots distinguishable on the head and anterior lobe of the pronotum. Additional fieldwork and host information should clarify whether these specimens represent the range of coloration in W. spyridii or whether they are a distinct taxon.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62648°S 140.8698°E, 100 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Spyridium sp. (Rhamnaceae), det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427521, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00129921) (SAMA).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62648°S 140.8698°E, 100 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Spyridium sp. (Rhamnaceae), det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427521, 18♂ (00087162, 00087447, 00087762–00087769, 00087798–00087805), 62♀ (00087163, 00087754–00087755, 00087771–00087777, 00087779–00087781, 00087784–00087789, 00087808, 00087816–00087836, 00129997–00130017) (AM), 35♂ (00129892–00129896–00129900, 00129909–00129920, 00129922–00129923–00129927–00129929–00129935) 52♀ (00129940–00129945, 00129950, 00129958–00129973–00129993, 00130409–00130417) (AMNH), 2♂ (00129907, 00129908), 3♀ (00087790–00087792) (ANIC), 2♂ (00129905, 00129906), 3♀ (00087793–00087795) (CNC), 7♂ (00129936–00129937, 00130403–00130407), 7♀ (00129951–00129957) (SAMA), 6♂ (00087742–00087747), 8♀ (00087796, 00087809–00087815) (UNSW), 2♂ (00129903, 00129904), 2♀ (00087782, 00087783) (USNM), 2♂ (00129901, 00129902), 3♀ (00129994–00129996) (ZISP). Victoria: Discovery Bay National Park, Swan Lake Beach area, 38.21766°S 141.3098°E, 33 m, 08 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Spyridium vexilliferum (Hook.) Reissek (Rhamnaceae), det. NSW staff NSW658136, 1♂ (00172722) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 18 km S of Bews, Ngarkat Cons. Park, 35.55197°S 140.4332°E, 60 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Eutaxia microphylla (R. Br.) J. Black (Fabaceae), det. Det: Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427664, 1♂ (00087993), 1♀ (00087995), 1 nymph (00087994) (AM). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62648°S 140.8698°E, 100 m, 10 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Spyridium sp. (Rhamnaceae), det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427521, 1♂ (00087839), 1 nymph (00087770) (AM), 3♂ (00087235, 00130194–00130195), 5♀ (00130196–00130198, 00130402, 00367955), 3 nymphs (00129938–00129939, 00130408) (AMNH), 1 nymph (00087797) (UNSW). Scorpion Springs Cons. Park, 35.62872°S 140.8598°E, 100 m, 09 Nov 1998, Schuh, Cassis, Silveira, Calytrix tetragona Labill. (Myrtaceae), det. Royal Bot Gard. NSW NSW427358, 1♀ (00087883) (AM).

Wallabicoris tasmanensis, new species

Figure 43; map 3; plate 5

Figure 43

Wallabicoris tasmanensis, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00194105).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the relatively large size and broad body, mean total length 5.83, mean ratio total length/with pronotum 3.36, the erect to suberect, heavy, black setae covering most of the dorsum, and the weakly quadrate pattern of coloration on the dorsum (fig. 43). Left paramere greatly elongate (fig. 43). Coloration similar to W. coolabah, but that species with pale setae on dorsum and with a more slender body form; black setae on dorsum similar to W. craspedii, but that species with more uniform coloration of the entire dorsum and with a more elongate body form, mean ratio total length/pronotum width 3.60, as opposed to 3.36 in W. tasmanensis.

Description

Male: Body moderately elongate, nearly parallel sided, total length 5.52–6.35, l/w  =  3.37. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum unicolorous with anterior lobe weakly brown, posterior lobe faded green; hemelytron exocorium mostly pale, endocorium pale with a dirty area near apex of clavus; markings on cuneus absent; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter light green; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with suberect black setae, especially on pronotum, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Somewhat projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.58; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderate, ratio iod/wh  =  0.47; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 43): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.31; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching midway to gonopore from major bend in endosoma, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.00; body rounded laterally; posterior margin with a distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the area of occurrence, Tasmania.

Hosts

Recorded from Ozothamnus spp., including, O. ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet, O. hookeri Sond. (pl. 6C, D), and O. rosmarinifolius (Labill.) DC (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).

Distribution (map 3)

Tasmania.

Discussion

The three species of Ozothamnus recorded as hosts for W. tasmanensis occur in the near-coastal areas of Victoria as well as in Tasmania. Additional collecting might therefore extend the range of W. tasmanensis onto mainland Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Southwest National Park: Cockle Creek, on Whale Walk Track, 43.57847°S 146.901°E, 13 m, 20 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658238, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00194096) (AM).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: 12 km N of Cradle Valley on Iris River, 41.55148°S 145.9622°E, 782 m, 26 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus hookeri Sond. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658265, 3♂ (00194058–00194060), 2♀ (00194083, 00194084) (AM), 13♂ (00194064–00194072–00194076), 5♀ (00194077–00194079, 00194081–00194082) (AMNH), 1♂ (00194057), 1♀ (00194085) (ANIC), 3♂ (00194061–00194063), 1♀ (00194080) (UNSW). 13.8 km N of Crabtree on Jeffery's track (C6180), 42.88893°S 147.05144°E, 643 m, 21 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius (Labill.) DC. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658244, 1♂ (00194039) (AMNH). Southwest National Park: Cockle Creek, on Whale Walk Track, 43.57847°S 146.901°E, 13 m, 20 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus ferrugineus (Labill.) Sweet (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658238, 3♂ (00194093–00194095), 2♀ (00194106, 00194107) (AM), 8♂ (00194091, 00194099–00194105), 8♀ (00194109–00194116) (AMNH), 1♂ (00194092), 1♀ (00194117) (ANIC), 2♂ (00194097, 00194098), 1♀ (00194108) (UNSW). Vale Belvoir Conservation Area, 22 km E of junction of Murchison Hwy and C132, 41.55565°S 145.90395°E, 895 m, 25 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Ozothamnus hookeri Sond. (Asteraceae), det. NSW staff NSW658259, 3♂ (00194119–00194121), 2♀ (00194139, 00194140) (AM), 9♂ (00194122, 00194126–00194133), 5♀ (00194134–00194138) (AMNH), 1♂ (00194118) (ANIC), 3♂ (00194123–00194125), 2♀ (00194141, 00194142) (UNSW).

Wallabicoris thomasii, new species

Figure 44; map 2; plate 5

Figure 44

Wallabicoris thomasii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00128562).

Diagnosis

Among those species with numerous red spots on the dorsum (pl. 5), most similar to W. cuneotinctus and W. trymalii in the complete transverse fascia posteriorly on the corium, the cuneus red at least on the posterior half, the secondary endosomal strap with a submedial bifurcation and left paramere elongate (fig. 44) and extending well beyond the margin of the pygophore. Separated from W. cuneotinctus and W. trymalii by the less intense red spotting of the dorsum in those species; distinguished from W. cuneotinctus by the occurrence of that species on the south coast of Victoria instead of the south coast of Western Australia, and from W. trymalii by feeding on Trymalium (Rhamnaceae) rather than Thomasia and Lasiopetalum (Sterculiaceae).

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 4.06–4.16, l/w  =  3.02. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum pale with numerous red botches; hemelytron with red botches; diffuse red fascia on corium/clavus present anterior to cuneal fracture and on clavus; markings on cuneus present as individual or coalesced red blotches; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, veins white; venter heavily red laterally; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium unicolorous red; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with conspicuous dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with suberect black setae, especially on pronotum, intermixed with pale setae on hemleytron, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Moderately projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  3.08; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.54; eyes leaving gena broadly exposed in lateral view (hg5–14/he20); labium very long, reaching well onto pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 44): Endosoma: Base very long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.50; apex of primary endosomal strap distinctly curving; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, bifurcating at about midpoint; secondary gonopore seen frontally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body very elongate, greatly exceeding margin of pygophore; in dorsal perspective closed over about one-half length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising slightly forward of posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.67; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body more or less confluent with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Thomasia Gay (Sterculiaceae).

Hosts

Recorded from Thomasia heterophylla E.M. Benn. & K. Shepherd (pl. 11D), Lasiopetalum floribundum Benth. (Sterculiaceae), Chorilaena quercifolia Endl. (Rutaceae), and Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae) (pl. 11A, B).

Distribution (map 2)

Southwestern Western Australia.

Discussion

The four species recorded as hosts for W. thomasii have a combined distribution along the coastal Western Australia ranging from Shark Bay to Esperance. Spyridium globulosum has by far the widest distribution, the other three being restricted to the extreme southwest and the area of Cape Leeuwin. If W. thomasii is indeed breeding on Spyridium globulosum we might expect it to have a somewhat wider distribution than presently known.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 10.3 km N of South Coast Hiway on North Walpole Road toward Mt. Frankland, 34.89687°S 116.7099°E, 190 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Thomasia heterophylla E.M. Benn. & K. Shepherd (Sterculiaceae), det. field ID PERTH 054671418, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00128560) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2.1 km W of Broke Inlet Road on Chesapeak Road, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, 34.8918°S 116.4644°E, 30 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Spyridium globulosum (Labill.) Benth. (Rhamnaceae), det. field ID PERTH 05672066, 1♂ (00089546), 1♀ (00089547) (AM). 3.5 km S of Mt. Chudalup, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, 34.80198°S 116.0753°E, 50 m, 16 Dec 1997, Schuh, Cassis, Brailovsky, Chorilaena quercifolia Endl. (Rutaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05055350, 1♂ (00087318), 3♀ (00087319, 00087847–00087848) (AM). 10.3 km N of South Coast Hiway on North Walpole Road toward Mt. Frankland, 34.89687°S 116.7099°E, 190 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Thomasia heterophylla E.M. Benn. & K. Shepherd (Sterculiaceae), det. field ID PERTH 054671418, 3♂ (00088808–00088810), 1♀ (00088823) (AM), 6♂ (00128559, 00128561–00128564, 00128566), 5♀ (00128576, 00128578–00128581) (AMNH), 2♂ (00128565, 00128567), 2♀ (00088821, 00128577) (UNSW), 3♂ (00128558, 00128568–00128569), 3♀ (00088822, 00088824, 00128582) (WAMP). Walpole-Nornalup National Park just W of Walpole, 34.98624°S 116.713°E, 40 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Lasiopetalum floribundum Benth. (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05671183, 1♀ (00087718) Lasiopetalum floribundum Benth. (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05671183, 2♂ (00087716, 00087717), 1♀ (00087720) 1♂ (00087715), 2♀ (00087721, 00087722) (AM), 1♀ (00087719) (WAMP), Thomasia heterophylla E.M. Benn. & K. Shepherd (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05671418, 1♂ (00129946), 3♀ (00129947–00129949) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 10.3 km N of South Coast Hiway on North Walpole Road toward Mt. Frankland, 34.89687°S 116.7099°E, 190 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Thomasia heterophylla E.M. Benn. & K. Shepherd (Sterculiaceae), det. field ID PERTH 054671418, 6 nymphs (00088815–00088820) (AM), 6 nymphs (00128570–00128575) (AMNH). Walpole-Nornalup National Park just W of Walpole, 34.98624°S 116.713°E, 40 m, 02 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Lasiopetalum floribundum Benth. (Sterculiaceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05671183, 8 nymphs (00087723–00087730) (AM). Nr. Jarrahdale, Serpentine Dam, 32.402°S 116.103°E, 09 Dec 1971, J.A. Slater, Lasiopetalum floribundum (Sterculiaceae), 5♂ (00181892–00181896) (AMNH).

Wallabicoris trymalii, new species

Figure 45; map 2; plate 5

Figure 45

Wallabicoris trymalii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00089619).

Diagnosis

Among those species with numerous red spots on the dorsum, most similar to W. cuneotinctus and W. thomasii in the complete transverse fascia posteriorly on the corium, the cuneus red at least on the posterior half (pl. 5), the secondary endosomal strap with a submedial bifurcation and left paramere elongate (fig. 45) and extending well beyond the margin of the pygophore. Separated from W. thomasii by the more intense red spotting of the dorsum in that species; distinguished from W. cuneotinctus by the occurrence of that species on the south coast of Victoria instead of the extreme southwest coast of Western Australia, and from W. thomasii by feeding on Thomasia and Lasiopetalum (Sterculiaceae) rather than Trymalium (Rhamnaceae).

Description

Male: Body weakly elongate, weakly ovoid, total length 4.01–4.30, l/w  =  2.99. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum with posterior lobe heavily covered with red or carmine botches; scutellum with some red or carmine spots or blotches, apex pale; hemelytron with a few large red or carmine spots on anterior half of corium; solid, broad, red fascia on corium just anterior to cuneal fracture; clavus with solid red markings over most of area, partially pale near apex; cuneus pale only along cuneal fracture, solid orange or red over remaining area; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly to strongly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter unicolorous pale or mostly so; antennal segment 1 unicolorous pale, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 unicolorous pale; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora with many brown or black spots; hind tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with erect or suberect black setae, and with some sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly projecting, ratio wh/lh  =  4.44; antennal fossa with ventral margin of fossa at ventral margin of eye; interocular space relatively small, ratio iod/wh  =  0.51; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium very long, reaching well onto pygophore. GENITALIA (fig. 45): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.17; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, bifurcating at about midpoint; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma; fingerlike protuberance at distal margin of secondary gonopore absent. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface without a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective open over nearly entire length; body tapered toward apex, apex elongate nipplelike; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process flattened, broadest at angulate apex; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at least somewhat elevated above level of paramere body. Right Paramere: Body moderately elongate, ratio lrp/wrp 3.83; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with a weakly elongate fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Trymalium Fenzl (Rhamnaceae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Trymalium odoratissimum Lindl. subsp. odoratissimum ( =  T. floribundum Steud.) (pl. 11C), including T. f. trifidum B.L. Rye and T. f. forma fulva Steud. (Rhamnaceae).

Distribution (map 2)

Known from areas near the coast of extreme southwestern Western Australia.

Discussion

Trymalium floribundum is distributed in near-coastal areas from the vicinity of Perth south and west to about Fitzgerald River. Additional collecting might therefore extend the range of W. trymalii somewhat further along the coast in far southwestern Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 km W of Caves Road, Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.1497°S 115.0657°E, 100 m, 04 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Trymalium floribundum trifidum B.L. Rye (Rhamnaceae), det. Field ID PERTH 05670829, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00089625) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 km W of Caves Road, Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.1497°S 115.0657°E, 100 m, 04 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Trymalium floribundum trifidum B.L. Rye (Rhamnaceae), det. Field ID PERTH 05670829, 1♂ (00089624) (AM), 1♂ (00087117), 1♀ (00087118) (WAMP). Ellis Brook Valley Reserve, 32.06388°S 116.08333°E, 150 m, 29 Nov 1998, G. Cassis, Trymalium floribundum forma fulva Steud. (Rhamnaceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227453, 2♂ (00089621, 00089622) (AM), Trymalium floribundum forma fulva Steud. (Rhamnaceae), det. WA Herbarium Staff PERTH 05227453, 2♂ (00089619, 00089620) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 km W of Caves Road, Leeuwin Naturaliste National Park, 34.1497°S 115.0657°E, 100 m, 04 Dec 1999, R.T. Schuh, G. Cassis, & R. Silveira, Trymalium floribundum trifidum B.L. Rye (Rhamnaceae), det. Field ID PERTH 05670829, 1 nymph (00089626) (AM).

Wallabicoris uptoni, new species

Figure 46; map 4; plate 5

Figure 46

Wallabicoris uptoni, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00168791).

Diagnosis

Recognized by the large size and the elongate slender body form, total length 5.58, ratio length/width 3.73, the pale setae on the dorsum, the quadrate pattern of coloration on the dorsum (pl. 5), and the form of the male genitalia, the secondary endosomal strap with a moderately broad subbasal undulation, a moderately long left paramere, and a lanceolate right paramere (fig. 46). Separated from other large species with an elongate body form as follows: from W. coolabah by the short submedial twist in the secondary endosomal strap and the short left paramere; from W. craspedii by the heavy black setae on the dorsum and the broad subbasal undulation in the secondary endosomal strap in that species; and from W. norsemanius by the longitudinal rather that quadrate color pattern and the short submedial twist in the secondary endosomal strap of that species.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.52–5.62, l/w  =  3.73. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum unicolorous faded brown, head and pronotum with a medial longitudinal pale stripe; hemelytron mostly pale, endocorium and exocorium with faded brown areas, clavus mostly faded brown; markings on cuneus present as partial infuscation on posterior two-thirds; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder weakly fumose over entire area, veins white; venter heavily infuscate, at least on mesopleuron and abdomen; antennal segment 1 dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 dirty yellow; labium generally infuscate, heavily so apically; hind femora unicolorous faded brown, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.67; antennal fossa with ventral margin 1 diameter above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.41; eyes leaving gena moderately exposed in lateral view (hg3/he20); labium just reaching onto abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 46): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap weakly elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.00; apex of primary endosomal strap nearly straight; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching to level of secondary gonopore, with a broad submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: Smoothly curving on dorsal margin; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body not distinctly tapering toward apex; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process directed vertically; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body short and broad, ratio lrp/wrp 3.25; body more or less parallel sided; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for M.S. Upton, collector of the only known specimens.

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution (map 4)

Western Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Madura, 31.928°S 126.978°E, 02 Oct 1968, Key, Upton and Balderson, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00168793) (ANIC).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Madura, 31.928°S 126.978°E, 02 Oct 1968, Key, Upton and Balderson, 1♂ (00168791) (AMNH), 1♂ (00168792) (ANIC).

Wallabicoris waitzii, new species

Figures 47, 48; map 3; plate 5

Figure 47

Wallabicoris waitzii, male, scanning electron micrographs. A. Head in lateral view. B. Setae on corium adjacent to claval suture. C. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system. D. Pretarsus in medial view. E. Pygophore in lateral view. F. Detail of left paramere and apex of pygophore, dorsal view (AMNH_PBI 00136324).

Figure 48

Wallabicoris waitzii, male genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00194143).

Diagnosis

Recognized among those species with heavily yellow coloration by the intensely and uniformly yellow dorsum (pl. 5), by the elongate, slender body, mean total length 5.59, mean ratio length/width 3.80, the head conspicuously projecting beyond the anterior margin of the eyes, ratio head length/head width 2.70, the left paramere greatly elongate and strongly projecting beyond margin of pygophore (fig. 47E, F), and the secondary endosomal strap with a short, shallow submedial undulation (fig. 48). Breeds on Waitzia acuminata (Asteraceae). Similar to W. sandstonensis in the elongate left paramere strongly projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore, but coloration of dorsum in W. sandstonensis not so uniformly and intensely yellow and the body not nearly as long and slender. Distinguished from W. chrysocephali, W. maralinga, and W. rutidosi by the much shorter, more deep-bodied left paramere in those species only moderately projecting beyond the margin of the pygophore. Potentially confused with W. commoni, but yellowish coloration in that species much less intense than in W. waitzii, secondary endosomal strap with a short medial undulation rather than the broad subbasal undulation seen in W. commoni, and left paramere in W. waitzii not nearly so deep bodied as in W. commoni.

Description

Male: Body greatly elongate, parallel sided, total length 5.27–5.85, l/w  =  3.80. COLORATION (pl. 5): Pronotum unicolorous yellow, calli weakly brown; hemelytron, including cuneus, unicolorous yellow; membrane with elongate, contrasting, fumose marking at extreme base, remainder partially fumose, especially within cells, veins white; venter light yellow; antennal segment 1 yellow to dirty yellow, with one or two black medial setae; antennal segment 2 yellow to dirty yellow; labium pale with segment 4 heavily infuscate; hind femora unicolorous pale, without black spots; hind tibial spines dark without dark spots at bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum with reclining simple setae matching background coloration, without sericeous or woolly setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Elongate, projecting anteriorly, ratio wh/lh  =  2.70 (fig. 47A); antennal fossa with ventral margin 2 diameters above ventral margin of eye; interocular space moderately large, ratio iod/wh  =  0.38; eyes occupying entire height of head in lateral view (hg0–1/he20); labium just reaching to midpoint of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 47, E, F, 48): Endosoma: Base moderately long, with an open U-shaped bend; distal half of shaft smoothly curving; primary endosomal strap elongate apically, ratio lae/lsg 2.50; apex of primary endosomal strap weakly arcuate; secondary endosomal strap very slender, of uniform width from endosomal bend to gonopore, reaching midway to gonopore from major bend in endosoma, with a short submedial undulation; secondary gonopore seen laterally in lateral view of endosoma. Phallotheca: More or less right angulate, dorsal surface without a hump; dorsal surface with a conspicuous keel. Left Paramere: Body elongate, somewhat exceeding pygophore margin; in dorsal perspective closed over about three-fourths length; body tapered toward apex in lateral perspective; anterior process arising at posterior margin of shaft; anterior process angled posterodorsally; posterior process appearing tubular, fingerlike; posterior process with strongly projecting shoulder at base; base of posterior process at about level of paramere body or very weakly elevated. Right Paramere: Body elongate and slender, ratio lrp/wrp 4.12; body tapered from base to apex; posterior margin without distinct protuberance subapically; body elevated at juncture with base; apex with short fingerlike process.

Etymology

Named for the host genus, Waitzia Wendl. (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).

Hosts

Recorded only from Waitzia acuminata var. acuminata Steetz (Asteraceae) (pl. 7D, E).

Distribution (map 3)

Known only from Frank Hann National Park, Lilian Stoke Rock, southern Western Australia.

Discussion

The actual distribution of Waitzia acuminata includes much of the drier areas of interior Australia south of about 22° south latitude. The known occurrence of W. waitzii at a single site may be an artifact of sampling, but only further collecting on annual composites will provide the answer to this question.

Holotype

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.06784°S 120.0964°E, 400 m, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Waitzia acuminata var. acuminata Steetz (Asteraceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670101, 1♂ (AMNH_PBI 00088680) (WAMP).

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Frank Hann National Park, Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.06773°S 120.0971°E, 400 m, 05 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Waitzia acuminata var. acuminata Steetz (Asteraceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05236819, 64♂ (00087154–00087155, 00087443, 00087559, 00088503–00088548, 00088583, 00088657–00088669), 48♀ (00088584–00088592, 00088651–00088652, 00089993–00090025, 00090039–00090042) (AM), 93♂ (00130397, 00131970–00131988, 00136252, 00136287–00136299, 00136300–00136318–00136330, 00172786–00172808, 00194143–00194147) 86♀ (00130398–00130401, 00131990–00132012, 00136332–00136360, 00172749–00172753–00172778) (AMNH), 4♂ (00088631–00088634), 4♀ (00088575–00088578) (ANIC), 4♂ (00136279–00136282), 4♀ (00136400–00136403) (CNC), 20♂ (00088639–00088650, 00088797–00088800, 00089987–00089990), 16♀ (00088653–00088656, 00088670–00088674, 00088801–00088807) (UNSW), 4♂ (00088635–00088638), 4♀ (00088579–00088582) (USNM), 53♂ (00088604–00088630, 00136253–00136278), 65♀ (00088549–00088574, 00136361–00136399) (WAMP), 4♂ (00136283–00136286), 4♀ (00136404–00136407) (ZISP). Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.06784°S 120.0964°E, 400 m, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Waitzia acuminata acuminata Steetz (Asteraceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670101, 32♂ (00088676–00088679, 00088681, 00088683–00088688, 00088796, 00089936–00089955), 79♀ (00088689–00088705, 00088707–00088712, 00088740–00088795) (AM), 9♂ (00088682, 00172809–00172816), 8♀ (00088706, 00172779–00172785) (AMNH).

Other Specimens Examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Frank Hann National Park, Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.06773°S 120.0971°E, 400 m, 05 Nov 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Waitzia acuminata var. acuminata Steetz (Asteraceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05236819, 12 nymphs (00088593–00088603, 00089991) (AM), 2 nymphs (00131989, 00136331) (AMNH). Lillian Stoke Rock, 33.06784°S 120.0964°E, 400 m, 21 Nov 1999, R.T. Schuh and G. Cassis, Waitzia acuminata acuminata Steetz (Asteraceae), det. PERTH staff PERTH 05670101, 1 nymph (00088739) (AM).