In this study, we describe or redescribe nine species of red-pigmented aviculiferous Bugula and compare them with the type species of the genus, Bugula neritina (L.). The names Bugula robusta MacGillivray and Bugula minima (Waters) have both been used (often interchangeably) for red-pigmented aviculiferous Bugula specimens collected from localities ranging from Tasmania to the Red Sea. Our analysis indicates, however, that Bugula robusta is a cool-water species whose distribution appears to be limited to the southern Australian region, whereas Bugula minima is a warm-water species distributed from the Red Sea to the Indo-Pacific. These, as well as some of the other species for which these names have been used by various authors, are described and illustrated here from museum material. Bugula providensis, Bugula miniatella, Bugula ceylonensis, Bugula robustoides, Bugula solorensis, and Bugula paternostrae are described as new. The descriptions of Bugula robusta, Bugula minima, and Bugula crosslandi are revised.