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We describe a new species of New Guinea vermivorous snake (Toxicocalamus) from a single specimen collected at Wangbin in the Star Mountains, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The new species is the largest known member of the genus and can be differentiated from all other Toxicocalamus by a combination of the following characters: large size (total length of the holotype 1,200 mm), dorsal head scutes in the typical “colubrid-elapid dorsal nine-scute arrangement”; separate, single preocular and paired postoculars; single anterior temporal and single or paired posterior temporals; six supralabials, with third and fourth supralabial contacting the orbit; dorsal scales in 15–15–15 rows; 203 ventral scales, 29 subcaudal scales; and a divided anal plate. Its erstwhile status, misidentified as Micropechis ikaheka in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, demonstrates the need for detailed examination of existing collections and is indicative of hidden diversity yet to be identified, not only in the field but also on the shelves of museum collections. We also provide a revised key to the genus Toxicocalamus.
Kami mendeskripsikan spesies baru ular pemakan cacing (Toxicocalamus) di Papua New Guinea dari koleksi spesimen di Wangbin, Pegunungan Bintang, Propinsi bagian Barat, Papua Nugini. Spesies baru ini merupakan anggota genus dan dapat dibedakan dari semua ular pemakan cacing tanah (Toxicocalamus) lainnya dengan kombinasi dari berbagai ciri-ciri sebagai berikut: berukuran besar (panjang total holotype 1200 mm), sisik di kepala bagian atas bercirikan “colubrid-elapid sembilan sisik beraturan”; terpisah, preocular tunggal and sepasang postocular; anterior temporal tunggal dan satu atau sepasang posterior temporal; enam supralabial, dengan supralabial ketiga dan keempat menghubungi orbit; sisik di bagian punggung berbaris 15–15–15; sisik di bagian perut berjumlah 203, sisik subcaudal berjumlah 29; dan piringan anal dibagi menjadi dua bagian. Status sebelumnya, salah diidentifikasi sebagai Micropechis ikaheka di koleksi Museum Comparative Zoology. Ini menunjukkan perlunya penyelidikan secara rinci terhadap hasil koleksi yang ada sekarang. Hal ini juga merupakan indikasi adanya keragaman tersembunyi yang belum teridentifikasi, tidak hanya di lapangan tapi juga di rak-rak museum koleksi. Kami juga memberikan kunci revisi tentang spesies Toxicocalamus.
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