Displaced abomasum (DA) is an important digestive condition that adversely affects the economic performance and the productive lifespan of a dairy cow. Due to increasing DA incidence in recent years, the present research was performed to estimate the potential effects of DA on the performance of Iranian Holstein. Production data were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the associations of DA occurrence with the time from calving to first service, pregnancy (in 120 and 220 DIM, respectively) and culling. The least-square means showed that DA was significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with reduced milk, fat, and protein yields, especially during peak milk production. Results of survival analyzes showed that DA could be associated with reduced probability pregnancy in the first service at 120 DIM (hazard ratio = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.51–0.64), and at 220 DIM (hazard ratio = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.76–0.86) and with an increased hazard of culling in the same lactation (hazard ratio = 3.85; 95% CI = 3.13–4.74). Considering negative effects of DA in dairy cows, it can be concluded, quantitative knowledge of the consequences of DA may convince dairy farmers to apply preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of DA in the herd.