Whole-genome sequencing technologies provide opportunities to further understand genetic variation among different varieties. Some related genes that are useful for the breeding process could be identified by sequencing technologies. In this study, two peach varieties, Green No. 9 (LH) and its bud mutant Daifei (DT), were analyzed with whole-genome re-sequencing. Approximately 109 million total reads were generated, which covered ∼89% of the peach reference genome. A total of 1 143 757 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 169 827 insertion–deletion mutations (InDels), 17 132 structural variations (SVs) and 5 040 copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in Green No. 9 and Daifei. Variant genes were classified by Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway database. Detected genes such as LOC18768059 (carbohydrate metabolism) and LOC18785045 (anthocyanin biosynthesis), were good candidate genes for exploring the phenotypic variations between Green No. 9 and Daifei. Green No. 9 and its bud mutant Daifei showed obvious differences in phenotypes and variant genetic loci. The detected genomic variations will contribute to explorations of important functional genes and to understanding the genetic basis of peach bud mutations.