Malhi, S. S., Johnson, E. N., Hall, L. M., May, W. E., Phelps, S. and Nybo, B. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on seed yield, N uptake, and seed quality ofCamelina sativa. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 35-47. Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a new crop to western Canada, and research information on its response to nitrogen fertilizer is lacking. Two field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2010 in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, to determine the effect of N fertilizer application on camelina plant establishment, seed and straw yield, total N uptake in seed and straw, seed oil and protein concentration, N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) and percent recovery of applied N (%NR) in seed. Nitrogen fertilizer rates ranged from 0 to 160 kg N ha^-1 in exp. 1 and from 0 to 200 kg N ha^-1 in exp. 2. There was generally no detrimental effect of high N rates on plant establishment, with the exception of 1 site-year in which there was a slight linear decline in plant density as N rate increased. Seed yield, total N uptake in seed, NFUE and %NR responded to applied N rates at most site-years. Seed yield and total N uptake in seed usually increased while seed NFUE and %NR decreased with increasing N rate. Response trends of yield and total N uptake of straw to applied N were similar to that of seed at the corresponding site-years. Seed oil concentration decreased while protein concentration increased with increasing N rate. In exp. 1, fertilizer rates were not high enough to attain a maximum seed yield; however, maximum seed yields of 2013 kg ha^-1 were achieved at an N rate of 170 kg N ha^-1 in exp. 2. In conclusion, camelina responded to fairly high rates of applied N similar to responses reported for Brassica juncea on the Canadian prairies.