Ranjbar, M., K. Negaresh & R. Karamian (2013). Cyanus tabrizianus Ranjbar & Negaresh (Asteraceae), a new species from Iran. Candollea 68: 187–192. In English, English and French abstracts.

Cyanus tabrizianus Ranjbar & Negaresh (Asteraceae), a new species from East Azerbaijan Province in NW Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely and mainly related to Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Soják, but differs from it by the habit, the stem leaves, the upper stem leaf apex, and the involucres.

Bandyopadhyay, S. & M. K. Pathak (2013). Neotypification of Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. (Fabaceae). Candollea 68: 193–195. In English, English and French abstracts.

A neotype is designated for Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. (≡ Piliostigma malabaricum (Roxb.) Benth.) (Fabaceae).

Schmidt, M., S. Traoré, A. Ouédraogo, E. Mbayngone, O. Ouédraogo, A. Zizka, I. Kirchmair, E. Kaboré, E. Tindano, A. Thiombiano, K. Hahn & G. Zizka (2013). Geographical patterns of woody plants' functional traits in Burkina Faso. Candollea 68: 197–207. In English, English and French abstracts.

The West African vegetation zones from the Sahara desert to the Guinean rainforests are shaped by a steep latitudinal precipitation gradient. Their taxonomical and functional composition changes considerably along this gradient. Based on comprehensive distribution data from herbariun collections and relevés this paper presents modelled distributions of the 129 most frequent woody taxa of Burkina Faso with climatic, topographic and remote sensing parameters at a 1 km resolution as predictor variables. Subsequently we analysed this set of modelled distributions according to their functional composition. The resulting maps show clear geographical patterns for several key traits such as spinescence, plant size, flowering phenology and fruit type. The interactions between environmental factors and plant functional traits are discussed.

Bacchetta, G., G. Fenu, R. Guarino, G. Mandis, E. Mattana, G. Nieddu & C. Scudu (2013). Floristic traits and biogeographic characterization of the Gennargentu massif (Sardinia). Candollea 68: 209–220. In English, English and French abstracts.

A study on the vascular flora of the Gennargentu Massif (Central-Eastern Sardinia) is presented. According to our results, the flora consists of 948 taxa: 686 species, 249 subspecies, 10 varieties and 3 hybrids, belonging to 97 families and 427 genera. Three taxa are new findings for the flora of Italy and eight for that of Sardinia. Life form analysis revealed, in particular, dominance of 35.65% hemicryptophytes, 34.6% therophytes, 12.13% geophytes and 11.6% (nano)-phanerophytes. As concerns chorology, the Mediterranean element is largely prevailing (68.14%), mainly represented by circum-Medit. (29.1%) and Euro-Medit. (23.07%). Endemics are 14.87% of the whole flora (141 taxa), with a large prevalence of Sardo-Corsican (39.01%) and Sardinian taxa (35.46%), i.e. 74.47% of the total. Due to the high number of taxa (9) of Gennargentu exclusive endemics and the geologic and geomorphologic peculiarities, it is here proposed a biogeographic classification for these territories serving to the identification of an auto nomous sector.

Baumel, A., S. Youssef, G. Ongamo & F. Médail (2013). Habitat suitability assessment of the rare perennial plant Armeria arenaria (Pers.) (Plumba ginaceae) Schult. along the French Mediterranean coastline. Candollea 68: 221–228. In English, English and French abstracts.

A major challenge in conservation biology is to identify the factors driving abundance and demographic regeneration of rare species populations. We assess habitat suitability within a protected area for Armeria arenaria (Pers.) Schult. (Plumbaginaceae), a small perennial polycarpic plant and keystone species of a threatened plant community on the rocky crystalline coastline of South-East France. The factors associated with the occurrence and abundance of adult plants and juveniles of this species were investigated by an “Outlier Mean Index analysis” (OMI). A second census was conducted three years later to test the reliability of inferences about habitat suitability. The results underline the importance of fine scale habitat heterogeneity to understand the variation of abundance. Moreover only a portion of the habitat of Armeria arenaria is suitable for regeneration, underlying the necessity to consider both abundance and regeneration to set conservation and management priorities.

Callmander, M. W., R. Bolliger, R. M. Hanitrarivo & L. Nusbaumer (2013). Pandanus tsingycola Callm. & Nusb. (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to western Madagascar. Candollea 68: 229–235. In English, English and French abstracts.

A recent intensive inventory in the Beanka region in western Madagascar has led to the discovery of a new species of Pandanaceae, described here as Pandanus tsingycola Callm. & Nusb. This remarkable species can be easily distinguished from all other known species by the unique shape and configuration of its syncarps. These possess few phalanges (6–7) that are incompletely united (with up to 38 carpels) with each of these carpels bearing an erect to curved, acute, thorny stigma. Pandanus tsingycola seems to be endemic to the limestone “tsingy” formation of Beanka.

Gautier, L. & T. Deroin (2013). Uvaria lombardii L. Gaut. & Deroin (Annonaceae), a new species endemic to Madagascar with spectacular inflorescences. Candollea 68: 237–244. In French, French and English abstracts.

Uvaria lombardii L. Gaut. & Deroin, a new species of Annonaceae, growing in the tropophilous forests of Mahajanga and Antsiranana provinces, is described, illustrated and its known distribution mapped. The morphology of the outstanding caulinar cymous inflorescences is discussed, as well as its systematic affinities with Uvaria acuminata var. catocarpa (Diels) Cavaco & Keraudren and Uvaria acuminata Oliv. var. acuminata. An assessment of its conservation status is also provided.

Martel, C. & W. Nauray Huari (2013). Notes and emended description of Telipogon peruvianus T. Hashim. (Orchidaceae). Candollea 68: 245–250. In English, English and French abstracts.

Telipogon peruvianus T. Hashim. (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), a Peruvian endemic and poorly known species, is recollected in the type locality and its distribution revised. An emended description, taxonomic and ecological notes are provided.

Arenas, P. & N. M. Kamienkowski (2013). Ethnobotany of the genus Physalis L. (Solanaceae) in the South American Gran Chaco. Candollea 68: 251–266. In English, English and French abstracts.

The species of the genus Physalis L. (Solanaceae) are grasses or shrubs, practically all of which are native to America. They are known for their application as foods and medicines in several different countries of the continent. The genus is represented in the Gran Chaco by 6 taxa, of which Physalis viscosa L. is the most widespread and of greatest local use. This paper presents ethnobotanical, floristic and ecological data recorded for the Physalis that live in the region. Likewise, bibliographical sources were examined for references to the genus in the Gran Chaco and other parts of America. During field work original data were recorded and the reference plant material was collected. The research study included nine indigenous groups as well as the rural population of the region. The vernacular names of the different species collected, their uses and forms of use are provided. These results are compared with the references from other human groups in America, and the role of these plants in the context of each culture is discussed.

Tortosa, R. D., A. Bartoli & L. Cusato (2013). The genus Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae). Candollea 68: 267–277. In English, English and French abstracts.

A synopsis of the genus Crumenaria (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae) is carried on and four species are recognized. Each species is described and illustrated, with the comprehensive synonymy and typification. The names Crumenaria chore troides Reissek, Crumenaria erecta Reissek, Crumenaria glaziovii Urb., Crumenaria lilloi Suess., and Crumenaria polygaloides Reissek are lectotypified. A key and a distribution map of the genus are provided.

Schatz, G. E. & P. P. Lowry II (2013). Two more new species of Prockiopsis Baill. (Achariaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 68: 277–283. In English, English and French abstracts and keys.

Recent gatherings from 2009 made on the Ampasindava peninsula in northwestern Madagascar and to the west of Fort Dauphin reveal two new species of the endemic Malagasy genus Prockiopsis Baill. (Achariaceae). In contrast to the three heretofore known species, all of which possess six petals, one of the new species, Prockiopsis razakamalalae G. E. Schatz, Lowry & Rakotovao, possesses only four petals, whereas the other one, Prockiopsis grandis G. E. Schatz & Lowry, possesses eight (or nine) petals. Both new species are given preliminary conservation assessments of “Critically Endangered”. A key to the five species of Prockiopsis is provided in English and French.

Thiebaut, M. & F. Labussiere (2013). Typification of species of Betonica L. (Lamiaceae) from Jordan herbarium. Candollea 68: 285–299. In French, English and French abstracts.

Jordan's herbarium, property of the Faculté Catholique de Lyon, was deposited in 2007 in LY. Numerous sheets were sold a few years after Alexis Jordan's death, but this collection still contains a lot of unknown types, as well as many precious documents like his seeding notebooks and working notes. This allows a whole reconstitution of the experimental techniques practised by this great botanist in his garden in Lyon. In 1868, Jordan and Fourreau described 27 species of Betonica L. (Lamiaceae) in their “Breviarium Plantarum Novarum”. Our typification work, consisted in researching sheets of Betonica in Jordan's herbarium, in LY and in other European herbaria. The oldest specimen we found is of 1853 whereas the youngest is of 1890. Finally, 19 lectotypes and 6 neotypes have been identified. There are still missing samples for 2 of the 27 “jordanons”.

Callmander, M. W., P. B. Phillipson, T. Deroin & L. Gautier (ed.) (2013). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 30–34. Candollea 68: 301–320. In English and French, English and French abstracts.

Ongoing research on Madagascar's flora is revealing numerous taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, and providing new data on species distribution. This is the seventh set of notes in a series that aims to provide the botanical community working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to publish short communications on these topics, and this issue comprises five notes.

— Note 30. Nomenclatural notes on Cryptocarya R. Br. (Lauraceae) from Madagascar, by Henk van der Werff. Five species of Malagasy Ravensara Sonn. are transferred to Cryptocarya R. Br. following the merging of these two genera and the accepted conservation of Cryptocarya over Ravensara. This necessitates two new combinations and two new names. The fifth species is placed in synonymy.

— Note 31. Further nomenclatural notes on Malagasy Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae): Goudot types in the Geneva herbarium, by George E. Schatz, Porter P. Lowry II, Cyrille Mas & Martin W. Callmander. Discovery of several Goudot collections of Malagasy Diospyros L. deposited in the Geneva herbarium clarifies the typifications of Diospyros leucocalyx Hiern and Maba madagascariensis A. DC. Resolution of the type of Diospyros leucocalyx requires that the long used name Diospyros megasepala Baker be placed into synonymy under Diospyros leucocalyx Hiern. Past confusion between the two Paris specimens Perrier de la Bâthie 700 and Pervillé 700, the former of which is the type of Dichapetalum thouarsianum var. pubescens Desc. and the latter of which was previously cited as the type of Maba madagascariensis, is also discussed and clarified.

— Note 32. Hybrid origin of Arthropteris boutoniana (Hook.) Pic. Serm. (Arthropteridaceae) from Mauritius and Madagascar, by France Rakotondrainibe & Catherine Reeb. The study of the Arthropteris Hook. f. collections from the Malagasy Region undertaken as a part of the revision of Filicophyta from Madagascar currently in progress, has revealed the intraspecific morphological heterogeneity of Arthtropteris boutoniana (Hook.) Pic. Serm. and demonstrated its hybrid origin. The putative parents are Arthropteris monocarpa (Cordem.) C. Chr. and Arthropteris orientalis (J. F. Gmel.) Posth. var. orientalis. The hybrid Arthropteris ×boutoniana is characterized by its hairy indusia, and its reduced fertility with few or totally aborted sporangia. It has been reported from Mauritius and Madagascar.

— Note 33. Lectotypifications and a new combination in Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) from Madagascar, by Gregory A. Wahlert, Peter B. Phillipson & George E. Schatz. Polygala longeracemosa var. retamoides H. Perrier, narrowly distributed on soils derived from marble and quartzite in the Ambatofinandrahana area, was found to be morphologically distinct from the nominate variety. The authors conclude that it merits recognition at the rank of species and provide the necessary new combination; they also designate lectotypes for both taxa, and provide a key, preliminary conservation assessments and a distribution map.

— Note 34. Adieu Adelosa Blume (Lamiaceae): Further observations on Rotheca Raf. for Madagascar, by Martin W. Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson, James A. Wearn & Rogier P. J. de Kok. Adelosa microphylla Blume is equated with the widespread and variable Rotheca incisa (Klotzsch) Steane & Mabb., and the status of the poorly-kn