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17 March 2025 Effects of a Category One Hurricane on Caribbean Native and Invasive Seagrasses
Juan Luis Sánchez-González, Claudia Patricia Ruiz-Díaz, Carlos Toledo-Hernández, Alberto M. Sabat
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Abstract

Seagrass ecosystems provide multiple services, such as habitat for commercially and recreationally important species, improving water quality, sequestering carbon, stabilizing sediment, and reducing coastal erosion. However, since 1990, seagrass cover has declined worldwide by 7% per year. Coastal developments, destructive fishing methods, nutrient runoff, pollutants, invasive species, and hurricanes have been identified as causal agents of the decline. This study aims to evaluate the short-term effects hurricanes have on seagrass ecosystems. Demographic parameters of the native Thalassia testudinum and the invasive Halophila stipulacea, were documented before and after the passing of Category 1 Hurricane Fiona at Culebra, Puerto Rico of September 18, 2022. Percent cover, density, and canopy height were measured in three 10m transects at three distinct sites around the island. Percentage cover, canopy height, and shoot density significantly decreased in T. testudinum by 45%, 34%, and 15%, respectively. On the other hand, H. stipulacea showed no significant change in any of these parameters after the hurricane. Even though T. testudinum has a superior anchoring capacity, contrary to expectation, our results indicate negative immediate effects of hurricane disturbance on T. testudinum and no significant effects on H. stipulacea. In this study, H. stipulacea was inhabiting the canopy of T. testudinum, which could have served as protection from the blunt force of the hurricane and can explain why the hurricane had no significant effect. With hurricane frequency expected to increase, H. stipulacea prevalence over native species is likely.

Las praderas de hierbas marinas proveen múltiples servicios tales como, hábitat para especies comerciales y recreativas importantes, mejoran la calidad de agua, fijan carbón, estabilizan sedimento y reducen erosión costera. Sin embargo, desde 1990, la cobertura de las praderas a disminuido mundialmente por 7% cada año. Entre los muchos agentes causales del decline, los huracanes son grandes contribuidores. Este estudio se enfoca en evaluar el impacto inmediato de un huracán en los ecosistemas de praderas marinas. Parámetros demográficos de la especie native Thalassia testudinum y de la invasiva Halophila stipulacea fueron documentados antes y después del paso de Huracán Fiona en Culebra Puerto Rico del 18 de septiembre del 2022. Porcentaje de cobertura, densidad de hojuelas y altura de dosel fueron documentados dentro de tres transectos de 10 metros de largo en tres distintas localidades alrededor de la isla. Para T. testudinum el porcentaje de cobertura, densidad de hojuelas y altura de dosel se redujeron 45%, 34% y 15% respectivamente. En H. stipulacea no se encontró algún cambio significativo. Consideran-do que el sistema de anclaje es más robusto en T. testudinum, contrario a lo esperado, H. stipulacea no fue significativamente impactado por el huracán. En este estudio H. stipualcea habitaba debajo del dosel de T. testudinum, cual pudo servirle de protección antes las fuerzas del huracán. Antes el pronóstico de incrementos en frecuencias de huracanes, H. stipulacea demuestra mayor capacidad de prevalecer después de los disturbios.

Juan Luis Sánchez-González, Claudia Patricia Ruiz-Díaz, Carlos Toledo-Hernández, and Alberto M. Sabat "Effects of a Category One Hurricane on Caribbean Native and Invasive Seagrasses," Caribbean Journal of Science 55(1), 65-80, (17 March 2025). https://doi.org/10.18475/cjos.v55i1.a8
Published: 17 March 2025
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