Forty-seven individuals comprising 4 species of birds, Tockus leucomelas, Crecopsis egregia, Turdus smithi, and Bubo africanus; 4 species of mammals, Otolemur crassicaudatus, Gerbilliscus leucogaster, Mus minutoides, and Mus sp.; and 1 species of reptile, Varanus albigularis, all from South Africa were examined for acanthocephalans. Centrorhynchus clitorideus, Mediorhynchus mokgalongi n. sp., Masticophis taeniatus, Moniliformis acomysi, Moniliformis sp., Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus, and a putative new genus of the Oligacanthorhynchidae were found. Additional characters of C. clitorideus were described. The new species of Mediorhynchus differs from all congeners by a suite of characters, including a proboscis armature of 125–156 hooks arranged in 24–26 longitudinal rows of 24–26 hooks and 30 rows of 5–6 spines. The putative new genus has a total of 24 hooks arranged in 12 longitudinal rows of 2 hooks. All are new host and locality records.