Actinomyxa, Asteritea, Cirsosina, Polystomellina and Stegothyrium are genera presently included in Microthyriaceae. We have examined the generic types and consider that their characters differ from those of Microthyriaceae. In Actinomyxa ascoma dissolve as a slimy mass in water and ostioles are star-like, thus the genus would be better placed in Stictidaceae. Asteritea has flattened ascomata with a star-like opening and superficial mycelium with hyphopodia and is better placed in Asterinaceae. Cirsosina has superficial hyphae without hyphopodia and elongate ascomata opening by a longitudinal split and is better placed in Aulographaceae. In Polystomellina ascomata also open by a longitudinal slit and have superficial hyphae and is better placed in Asterinaceae. Stegothyrium is a very unusual genus as it has thick-walled asci that appear to be bitunicate, but there is a J apical ring which is indicative of unitunicate asci. We suggest that Stegothyrium is excluded from Microthyriaceae and placed in ascomycetes incertae sedis until fresh collections can be made and molecular sequence data obtained and only then can we solve the problem of a suitable placement for this genus.

In the continuation of the revision of the Neotropical species of Perenniporia (Basidiomycota) with resupinate basidiomes, the new combination Perenniporia albo-incarnata and the new species Perenniporia guyanensis are proposed; both species are described and illustrated.

Candelabrochaete neocaledonica sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Polyporales), collected in New-Caledonia (France, The South Pacific), is described and its microscopic features are illustrated with line drawings. It is characterized by the combination of a hydnoid hymenophore and small allantoid basidiospores.

Morphological analysis of basidiomata of gastroid Boletales (Alpova and Melanogaster) found in relation with Alnus trees in France revealed the existence of five distinct Alnus-associated species: Alpova alpestris sp. nov., A. corsicus sp. nov., Melanogaster luteus Zeller, M. rivularis sp. nov., and an unnamed species (Alpova sp. related to the North American A. cinnamomeus). The genus Alpova is here restricted to its original sense, as Alnus-associated species with small spores and pseudoparenchymatic subpellis, and the presence of “buffer cells” in gleba. Phylogenetic position, host specificity and geographical distribution of each species are summarized.

Microscopical characters of type specimens for three species in Russula subsect. Xerampelinae, R. atropurpurea Peck, R. serissima Peck and R. fucosa Burl., are described in detail and compared with recent collections. Taxonomic and nomenclatural aspects are discussed. Lectotypes are chosen for R. fucosa and R. xerampelina var. semirubra. The latter taxon is here demonstrated to be a synonym of Burlingham's species.

The taxonomic relationship between Tuber pseudohimalayense and other Chinese black truffles including T. indicum, T. himalayense, T. sinense, T. pseudoexcavatum has been controversial. Several studies have treated T. pseudohimalayense as a synonym of T. indicum. Morphological and molecular analyses of the isotype of T. pseudohimalayense in this study suggest that T. pseudohimalayense and T. pseudoexcavatum are a single species, distinct from T. indicum. Although the name T. pseudoexcavatum is much more widely used in the recent truffle literature than T. pseudohimalayense, the latter has priority over T. pseudoexcavatum based on the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). This study documents additional morphological variation among individuals of T. pseudohimalayense, a commercial truffle species and endemic to the Himalayan region based on a large number of Chinese materials.

In this paper we described for the first time the mycorrhiza between the fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and the kermes oak Quercus coccifera, obtained by inoculation. The synthesis was performed under nursery conditions using vegetative (40 mL/plant) or sporal (10⁸ spores/plant) inoculum of P. tinctorius basidiomata collected from two different locations and putative hosts, and containers filled with a sterile mixture of sphagnum peat/ black peat/perlite vermiculite. The mycorrhizal association is described and illustrated in detail and compared with other known P. tinctorius mycorrhiza. Mycorrhizae were monopodial-pinnate to pyramidal pinnate, cream to brown colour, mantle surface loosly woven, extramatrical mycelium abundant, rhizomorophs scarce and well differentiated, sclerotia frequent, subglobose to lemon-shaped, mantle plectenchymatous with three layers. The conditions of inoculation are also discussed. A beneficial effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant growth attributes is suggested.

Arecomyces is a genus only known from palms and in this paper is reported for the first time from Brazil. Arecomyces attaleae is a new species from Attalea funifera, a palm in Bahia State, Brazil. It is described and illustrated and compared with congeneric species. This new taxon is distinguished mainly by its large ascospores. Arecomyces bruneiensis was found on Elaeis guineensis in Pernambuco State, Brazil and is reported for the first time in South America. A synopsis of all known Arecomyces species is also provided.